Knowledge attitude and practices of pharmacogenomics and its educational needs among doctors at a tertiary care hospital VIMS, Ballari: a questionnaire based study

Background: Genetic differences account for an outsized amount of patient variation in drug response and disposition. Pharmacogenomics is that the study of genetic factors that underlie variation in drug response. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of pharmacogenomics and its educational needs among doctors of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 110 doctors forming a structured questionnaire.Results: Nearly 82.8% of the survey participants were of the age group 25 to 34 years. When choosing appropriate drug therapy for patients, medical record and age were the factors most commonly cited by respondents as extremely or vital (98%). When asked to rank their familiarity with pharmacogenomics, 40% reported somewhat familiar with the subject. 98% of respondents found pharmacogenomic information in drug labelling extremely/very/somewhat helpful. 48.4% of participants knew that drug metabolizing enzymes were the foremost commonly recognized mechanism for pharmacogenomic differences in drug response. The foremost common reasons for not ordering weren't knowing what test to order (48%). The most common pharmacogenomic resource consulted by survey participants were internet (80%), scientific literature (50%), and medical association literature (30%). The most common preferred formats for a perfect pharmacogenomic resource were indicated as web-based (60%), mobile application (60%), and print materials (34%).Conclusions: There's a requirement for improved resource material preferably in electronic format to extend the appliance of genomics to clinical care

Five- and six-membered cyclic α-acylvinyl anionic synthons: Synthesis of α-trimethylsilyl-α,β-unsaturated cycloalkenones and their conversion into 2-(hydroxydimethylsilyl)cycloalk-2-enones through carbon-silicon bond scission

Five- and six-membered α-trimethylsilyl-α,β-unsaturated cycloalkenones were prepared by the Wurtz-Fittig coupling reaction of the corresponding 6-bromo-1,4-dioxaspiro4,ncycloalk-6-enes with sodium and chlorotrimethylsilane. Upon treatment with anhydrous AlCl3, the compounds underwent carbon-silicon bond scission to yield a novel class of compounds: the 2-(hydroxydimethylsilyl)cycloalk-2-enones. © ARKAT-USA, Inc

Effect of Contaminated Fish Meal Diet on Estrous Cycle, Hormones and Biochemical Changes in Ovary and Uterus of Rattus Norvegicus

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the adverse effects of consumption of contaminated fish meal diet on estrous cycle, hormones and biochemical constituents in ovary and uterus of Albino rats, Rattus norvegicus. Rats were randomly distributed into five groups (n=6), Group I served as control, while group II, III and IV received combination of fish meal ratios and group V only fish meal diet for 90 days respectively. Result revealed fish meal diet arrested the normal estrous cycle at diestrous phase and reduction in protein, glycogen, and cholesterol in ovary and increase cholesterol content in uterus of experimental groups. Gradual decrease of estrogen indicated the fall of hormonal levels in all experimental groups (p< 0.05) and increase of progesterone led to prolonged diestrous phase. These changes indicates alteration in the physiology of the animal to toxic substance in contaminated fish meal diet which has a negative implication on the reproductive performance of rat

Contaminated Fish Meal Diet Induces Hematological Alterations in Albino Rat, Rattus norvegicus (Album)

Fish inhabiting polluted waters accumulate various metals in tissues. The transfer of these into human beings through the food chain has adverse effects. The present study was undertaken to elicit the effect of consumption of contaminated fish meal on the hematological parameters of albino rats, Rattus norvegicus (Album). Thirty rats, weighing 45-50gms and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6), were used for this study. Group I served as control and were given normal diet, group V were given only contaminated fish meal diet while group II, III and IV were given a mixture of normal and contaminated fish meal diet in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, respectively. All experiments were carried out for 90 days. Results of blood parameters revealed significant reduction (P< 0.05) in Total erythrocyte count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) in group IV and V when compared to control. Leukocytes count showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in group IV and V. These effects may be due to the presence of heavy metals in the fish meal given to experimental rats. It is therefore concluded that consumption of fish from polluted waters is always associated with health risks

ANTI HYPERGLYCAEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CATUNAREGAM SPINOSA (THUNB) AGAINST DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS

Objective: The study was aimed at evaluating the folkloric use of the Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb) bark for its hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activity against dexamethasone-induced diabetes in wistar rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in wistar rats by dexamethasone administration 10 mg/kg, b. wt., s. c for 11 consecutive days to all group animals (except Group I). After confirmation of diabetes, the animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I: Vehicle control treated with normal saline only, Group II: Diabetic control treated with dexamethasone only, Group III: Standard control treated with dexamethasone plus glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, b. wt., p. o), Group IV and V: Test control received dexamethasone plus ethanolic extract of Catunaregam spinosa (EECS) at graded doses of 200 mg/kg, b. wt. and 400 mg/kg, b. wt., p. o for 21days respectively. On the last day of the experiment, the effect of Catunaregam spinosa bark was measured by estimating the biochemical and antioxidant parameters. Results: There was a significant alteration in the serum glucose, HbA1c, total proteins, serum lipid profile and tissue antioxidant parameters in dexamethasone-treated animals when compared to the normal control rats. In test groups treated with glibenclamide and EECS, it was significantly ameliorated the altered parameters such as serum glucose, HbA1c, total proteins, serum lipid profile and the antioxidant parameters like SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA when compared to dexamethasone-treated animals with evidence of histopathological studies of the pancreas. Conclusion: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of Catunaregam Spinosa (Thunb) bark has shown the hypoglycemic and antioxidant property

A retrospective study on drug utilization in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma in adults at tertiary teaching hospital in Bidar

Background: Drug utilization plays a role in helping the health care system to understand, interpret and improve the drug use and continuous quality improvement. It plays an essential part of pharmaco Epidemiological studies.Methods: 100 prescriptions from patients with established diagnosis of acute exacerbation of Bronchial asthma were assessed from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine and the data gathered was analysed using MS Excel.Results: Majority of the prescriptions irrespective of severity received inhalation β2 agonist (formoterol) as a bronchodilator. Nebulization route was given for managing the acute exacerbations followed by inhalation route. Hydrocortisone was prescribed to all patients for managing acute Exacerbations. Montelukast was used an adjuvant therapy. Most of them were prescribed combination therapy. Theophylline was prescribed among all the methylxanthines.Conclusions: β2 agonists Combinations and corticosteroids are the most commonly prescribed combination drugs for asthma followed by methylxanthines. The most commonly prescribed asthmatic Medication in combination therapy was inhaled salbutamol with ipratropium followed by intravenous Hydrocortisone and oral Montelukast. The most commonly prescribed methylxanthine was intravenous Theophylline. Nebulization was preferred route to tackle the acute exacerbation of asthmatic symptoms

A comparative study of laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy versus total abdominal hysterectomy in benign gynaecological conditions

Background: Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) has become an alternative to Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) in cases difficult to manage via vaginal route. To compare the TAH and LAVH for benign uterine pathology.Methods: This prospective study conducted with the outcomes of Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy with Total abdominal hysterectomy over a period of 2 years in 100 patients who are undergoing hysterectomies for benign uterine pathology. 50 underwent TAH and 50 underwent Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal hysterectomy.Results: The average duration of surgery in TAH group is 50 minutes and it is 75 minutes in LAVH group (p0.05). Recovery and return to work after discharge from hospital was early with LAVH group as early as 2 weeks in 46% of patients. In TAH group, it was late by 4 weeks in 52% of patients and by 6 weeks in 10% of patients.Conclusions: Thus, it can be concluded that LAVH is safe with less blood loss, shorter duration of hospital stay, early recovery to work, and other intra-operative and post-operative complications

Comparative study on efficacy of myo inositol over metformin in Polycystic ovary syndrome patients

Background: Study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Myo-Inositol over Metform in women with established diagnosis of PCOS. Method: A total of 90 women diagnosed with PCOS with Vitamin D deficiency included in the study and divided into 3 groups of 30 each. Group A received Tab. Metformin 500mg thrice daily for a period of 24 wks. Group B women received Tab. Myoinositol 2 gm twice daily for a period of 24 wks. Group C women received Tab. Metformin 500mg twice daily with Tab. Myoinositol 2 gm twice daily. Results: After treatment, 26%, 50%, and 80% were showed regular menstrual cycles (p= 0.001).  After 6 months of treatment, there was a reduction of polycystic ovaries in 50% in group A, 80% reduction in group B, and 93.33% reduction in group C respectively. There was a significant reduction in Acne, Hirusitism, BMI, serum LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, free testosterone, total testosterone, serum insulin levels, total cholesterol levels were seen at the end of 24 weeks in 3 groups, but higher significance seen in group C. Conclusion: It is thus evident that Myoinositol administration helps to improve insulin sensitivity and can be used in women with PCOS having insulin resistance. Myoinositol helps in reducing metabolic and endocrine abnormalities in PCOS patients. Myoinositol is safe, inexpensive and easily available, its addition to Metformin can contribute for normalization of the dysregulated metabolism in various tissues including ovaries, pancreas, muscle and enhance the action of Metformin in improving the clinical, biochemical features of PCOS

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Erlotinib in its Pharmaceutical Dosage form.

The present study the aim was to develop a new RP HPLC method for the determination of the drug in tablet formulation and its validation. The plan of the work can be represented as follows. Plan of Work: To obtain through knowledge in practical HPLC method development, to implement a step-by-step procedure for method development and to set initial chromatographic conditions for the assay of Erlotinib tablets, • To conduct trails for the initial chromatographic conditions and to find optimum conditions and to validate the developed RP-HPLC method.For routine analytical purpose it is desirable to establish methods capable ofanalyzing huge number of samples in a short time period with good robustness,accuracy and precision without any prior separation step. HPLC method generateslarge amount of quality data, which serve as highly powerful and convenientanalytical tool. Erlotinib was slightly soluble in methanol and very slightly soluble in water.Methanol and Mixture of Buffer was chosen as the mobile phase. The run time of the HPLC procedure was 10 minutes.The method was validated for system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, ruggedness robustness, LOD and LOQ. The system suitability parameters were within limit, hence it was concluded that the system was suitable to perform the assay. The method shows linearity between the concentration range of 10-60 μg / ml. The % recovery of Erlotinib was found to be in the range of 99.86 % - 101.78 %. As there was no interference due to excipients and mobile phase, the method was found to be specific. The method was robust and rugged as observed from insignificant variation in the results of analysis by changes in Flow rate and wave length separately and analysis being performed by different analysts. Good agreement was seen in the assay results of pharmaceutical formulation by developed method. Hence it can be concluded that the proposed method was a good approach for obtaining reliable results and found to be suitable for the routine analysis of Erlotinib in the pharmaceutical formulation

EVALUATION OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS OF GENERAL MEDICINE, ICU and EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: To evaluate the drug-drug interactions in General medicine, ICU and Emergency departments.Methods: It is a prospective-observational study. This study included hospital In-patients treated in General medicine, ICU and Emergency. Data were collected from the medical records of In-patients which includes patient's demographic details, medical history, social history, treatment chart, status and drug-drug interaction is assessed by using Lexicompand Medscape and other tertiary resources and documented in a suitably designed data collection form.Results: A total of 250 subjects were enrolled in the study. The majority (23.6%) of cases were identified in the age group 51–60 y old. Higher rate of DDIs was identified in the male gender prescriptions. 70% moderate interactions, 33.6% Minor interactions, 6.4% serious interaction found in General medicine, ICU and Emergency departments.Conclusion: Polypharmacy, age and comorbid condition were took part major role in drug-drug interactions