The Influence of Culture on Attitudes Towards Humorous Advertising

open access articl

Communicative Agents for Software Development

Software engineering is a domain characterized by intricate decision-making processes, often relying on nuanced intuition and consultation. Recent advancements in deep learning have started to revolutionize software engineering practices through elaborate designs implemented at various stages of software development. In this paper, we present an innovative paradigm that leverages large language models (LLMs) throughout the entire software development process, streamlining and unifying key processes through natural language communication, thereby eliminating the need for specialized models at each phase. At the core of this paradigm lies ChatDev, a virtual chat-powered software development company that mirrors the established waterfall model, meticulously dividing the development process into four distinct chronological stages: designing, coding, testing, and documenting. Each stage engages a team of agents, such as programmers, code reviewers, and test engineers, fostering collaborative dialogue and facilitating a seamless workflow. The chat chain acts as a facilitator, breaking down each stage into atomic subtasks. This enables dual roles, allowing for proposing and validating solutions through context-aware communication, leading to efficient resolution of specific subtasks. The instrumental analysis of ChatDev highlights its remarkable efficacy in software generation, enabling the completion of the entire software development process in under seven minutes at a cost of less than one dollar. It not only identifies and alleviates potential vulnerabilities but also rectifies potential hallucinations while maintaining commendable efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The potential of ChatDev unveils fresh possibilities for integrating LLMs into the realm of software development.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, 2 table

Fitting characteristics of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators used widely in China.

BACKGROUND: Millions of people rely on N95 filtering facepiece respirators to reduce the risk of airborne particles and prevent them from respiratory infections. However, there are no respirator fit testing and training regulations in China. Meanwhile, no study has been conducted to investigate the fit of various respirators. The objective of this study was to investigate whether people obtained adequate fit when wearing N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) used widely in China. METHODS: Fifty adult participants selected using the Chinese respirator fit test panel donned 10 common models of N95 FFRs. Fit factors (FF) and inward leakage were measured using the TSI PortaCount Plus. Each subject was tested with three replications for each model. A subject was considered to pass the fit test when at least two of the three FFs were greater than 100. Two models were conducted fit tests before and after training to assess the role of training. RESULTS: The geometric mean FFs for each model and trained subjects ranged from <10 to 74.0. The fifth percentile FFs for only two individual respirator models were greater than 10 which is the expected level of performance for FFRs. The passing rates for these two models of FFRs were 44.7% and 20.0%. The passing rates were less than 10.0% for the other eight models. There were 27 (54%) participants who passed none of the 10 FFRs. The geometric mean FFs for both models when the subjects received training (49.7 and 74.0) were significantly larger than those when the same group of subjects did not receive any training (29.0 and 30.9) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: FFRs used widely in China should be improved according to Chinese facial dimensions. Respirator users could benefit from respirator training and fit testing before using respirators

A novel vertical dual-loop reactor for rapid start-up of simultaneous partial nitrification and anammox process in treating landfill leachate: Performances and mechanisms

A novel vertical dual-loop reactor (VDLR) was developed to start and conduct a single-stage partial nitritation (PN) and anammox (PN/A) process for treating landfill leachate. Results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) removal reached 1.54 kg N/m3 center dot d in the VDLR. It exhibited excellent mixing uniformity and buffer performance, which can increase the nitrogen removal performance up to 42.1 % via the improvement of anammox granular sludge activity (a particle size of 0.5-1 mm). Mass balance and microbial analysis indicated that the VDLR achieved efficient TN removal via anammox (99.24 %) and AOB (Nitrosomonas and Ellin6067) and anAOB (Candidatus kuenenia) played a vital role in this process

A novel vertical dual-loop reactor for rapid start-up of simultaneous partial nitrification and anammox process in treating landfill leachate: Performances and mechanisms

A novel vertical dual-loop reactor (VDLR) was developed to start and conduct a single-stage partial nitritation (PN) and anammox (PN/A) process for treating landfill leachate. Results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) removal reached 1.54 kg N/m3 center dot d in the VDLR. It exhibited excellent mixing uniformity and buffer performance, which can increase the nitrogen removal performance up to 42.1 % via the improvement of anammox granular sludge activity (a particle size of 0.5-1 mm). Mass balance and microbial analysis indicated that the VDLR achieved efficient TN removal via anammox (99.24 %) and AOB (Nitrosomonas and Ellin6067) and anAOB (Candidatus kuenenia) played a vital role in this process

Evaluation of tibial eminence morphology using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in juvenile patients with complete discoid lateral meniscus

Abstract Background Many studies have shown that hypoplasia of knee bone morphology is related to the morphological features of the discoid lateral meniscus (DLM). However, few studies have focused on hypoplasia of tibial eminence morphology in juvenile patients with complete DLM. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between tibial eminence morphology characteristics and complete DLM in juvenile patients. Methods The DLM group comprised 34 juvenile patients with complete DLM, and the control group comprised 34 juvenile individuals, each with a normal lateral meniscus based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. All parameters, including tibial width (TW), tibial eminence width (TEW), the height of the lateral tibial spine (HLTS), the height of the medial tibial spine (HMTS), lateral slope angle of the lateral tibial eminence (LSALTE), lateral slope angle of the medial tibial eminence (LSAMTE), tibial eminence width ratio (TEWR), height of the lateral tibial spine ratio (HLTSR), and the height of the medial tibial spine ratio (HMTSR), were recorded using coronal MR images. Statistical analyses were used to determine the differences between the two groups and whether differences were significant. Results The TEW and TEWR were significantly greater (P < 0.05), and LSALTE and LSAMTE were significantly smaller (P < 0.05) in patients in the DLM group than in participants in the control group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that a larger TEW, above 13.4 mm, was associated with complete DLM, with a sensitivity of 77.0% and specificity of 88.2%, and a larger TEWR, above 19.7%, was associated with complete DLM, with a sensitivity of 76.5% and specificity of 91.2%. Conclusions MR imaging can be used to diagnose tibial eminence hypoplasia in juvenile patients with complete DLM. Additionally, TEW and TEWR could help clinicians screen for complete DLM in juvenile patients

Study on the Material Basis of Houpo Wenzhong Decoction by HPLC Fingerprint, UHPLC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, and Network Pharmacology

Houpo Wenzhong Decoction (HWD) as a classical prescription has been widely used for hundreds of years. However, the quality of HWDs is difficult to control because of its herb materials from different regions. It is a new idea to use HPLC fingerprints, LTQ-ESI-Orbitrap-MS, and network pharmacology in combination to screen common components (CCs) as potential quality control indicators. In this paper, the fingerprints of HWDs were established, which were used to determine HWDs compounded from different sources of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Through the similarity analysis, 45 CCs were selected. UHPLC-LTQ-ESI-Orbitrap-MS was used to carry out the chemical composition analysis of HWD. Seventy-three chemical constituents were distinguished, and 30 CCs were identified. Through network pharmacology, networks of candidate CCs, diseases, and candidate targets were constructed. Finally, four CCs were screened as potential active ingredient markers of HWD, and a method for content determination of these four components was established. A rapid, reasonable, and effective method for quality evaluation and control of HWDs was established. It provides a reference for the further development and research of HWDs and a new way of thinking for the research of other Chinese medicine prescriptions

Formation fluid characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Dongying sag, Shengli Oilfield

Based on the analysis of geochemical characteristics and distribution of different formation waters, a new origin identification standard was established for the formation water in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag. The migration paths of the connate water expelled from source rocks are similar to those of the hydrocarbons coming from the same rocks, so the geochemical characteristics of the connate water coming from the source rocks can be used as auxiliary indexes to study hydrocarbon migration. Considering fluid pressure and formation water distribution, the Paleogene fluids are divided into three fluid systems: normal-pressure open fluid system, overpressure confined fluid system, and transition fluid system. The differences in hydrocarbon-bearing fluid characteristics, hydrocarbon migration dynamic, hydrocarbon-bearing fluid flow type between these fluid systems were studied. According to characteristics of the hydrocarbon-bearing fluid charging into traps, and formation water drainage pattern, three typical oil accumulation models were classified. In the overpressure confined fluid system, the main oil accumulation mode is high oil saturation fluid entering traps and displacing formation water, and “continuous” reservoirs are prone to form, and fluid oil saturation, fluid charging pressure and fluid seeping conditions affect reservoirs’ oil accumulation extent. In the normal-pressure open fluid system, the main oil accumulation modes include low oil saturation fluids enter a trap while formation water is overflowing out of the trap, and low oil saturation fluids enter a trap while formation water is seeping out of the trap. The amount of hydrocarbon-bearing fluid, fluid oil saturation, trap height, and caprock sealing ability affect reservoir's oil accumulation extent. Key words: formation fluid system, hydrocarbon-bearing fluid, formation water, connate water, non-Darcy flow, hydrocarbon accumulation mode

Lipoteichoic acid obtained from Lactobacillus paracasei via low-temperature pasteurization alleviates the macrophage inflammatory response by downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway

This study compared the anti-inflammatory properties of Lactobacillus paracasei 6–1 lipoteichoic acid (LTA) obtained via different heat treatments to clarify the effect of heat intensity on its immunomodulatory activity. LTA exposed to low-temperature pasteurization (65 °C for 30 min) contained more acetylglucosamine and exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. It significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12) and increased that of the IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine (p < 0.05). LTA effectively improved cytokine imbalance in mice repaired the intestinal oxidative damage caused by enteritis, and regulated inflammation by downregulating MyD88, TLR4, p-ERK, NF-κB p65, and p-NF-κB p65 expression (p < 0.05) on the protein and transcript levels. In summary, low-temperature pasteurized LTA more effectively regulated the inflammatory response by downregulating the TLR4-MyD88-MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways