7 research outputs found
Isolation and Chemical Transformations Involving a Reactive Intermediate of MOF‑5
We
report the isolation of a nonporous plate-like intermediate
species (MOF-<i>i</i>) obtained during the synthesis of
MOF-5 and the testing of this intermediate’s reactivity toward
three metal ions (Zn<sup>II</sup>, Cu<sup>II</sup>, and Mn<sup>II</sup>) in <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide at 120
°C. We obtained interpenetrated MOF-5 crystals from the reaction
between MOF-<i>i</i> and Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O, accompanied by a change in morphology from a plate to a
cube. Reaction with CuCl<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O did not
disrupt the plate-like morphology of MOF-<i>i</i>, but it
did result in the replacement of Zn<sup>II</sup> by Cu<sup>II</sup> and formation of a novel porous copper MOF. MOF-<i>i</i> showed no reactivity toward MnCl<sub>2</sub>. Our results demonstrate
that MOF-<i>i</i> imparts a selective reactivity that is
different from the individual metal ions employed in conventional
synthesis of MOFs and suggests that reactive intermediates may be
useful in extending the diversity of metal–organic frameworks
<i>In Situ</i> Electron Microscopy Imaging and Quantitative Structural Modulation of Nanoparticle Superlattices
We use liquid-phase transmission
electron microscopy (LP-TEM) to
characterize the structure and dynamics of a solution-phase superlattice
assembled from gold nanoprisms at the single particle level. The lamellar
structure of the superlattice, determined by a balance of interprism
interactions, is maintained and resolved under low-dose imaging conditions
typically reserved for biomolecular imaging. In this dose range, we
capture dynamic structural changes in the superlattice in real time,
where contraction and smaller steady-state lattice constants are observed
at higher electron dose rates. Quantitative analysis of the contraction
mechanism based on a combination of direct LP-TEM imaging, ensemble
small-angle X-ray scattering, and theoretical modeling allows us to
elucidate: (1) the superlattice contraction in LP-TEM results from
the screening of electrostatic repulsion due to as much as a 6-fold
increase in the effective ionic strength in the solution upon electron
beam illumination; and (2) the lattice constant serves as a means
to understand the mechanism of the <i>in situ</i> interaction
modulation and precisely calibrate electron dose rates with the effective
ionic strength of the system. These results demonstrate that low-dose
LP-TEM is a powerful tool for obtaining structural and kinetic properties
of nanoassemblies in liquid conditions that closely resemble real
experiments. We anticipate that this technique will be especially
advantageous for those structures with heterogeneity or disorder that
cannot be easily probed by ensemble methods and will provide important
insight that will aid in the rational design of sophisticated reconfigurable
nanomaterials
Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Characterization of a Dinuclear Zinc Complex Containing TCNQ<sup>–</sup> and a μ‑[TCNQ–TCNQ]<sup>2–</sup> Ligand
A dinuclear
zinc complex containing both a σ-dimerized 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane
(TCNQ) ligand ([TCNQ–TCNQ]<sup>2–</sup>) and TCNQ<sup>–</sup> was synthesized for the first time. This is the first
instance of a single molecular complex with a bridging [TCNQ–TCNQ]<sup>2–</sup> ligand. Each zinc center is coordinated with two
2,2′-bipyrimidines and one TCNQ<sup>–</sup>, and the
remaining coordination site is occupied by a [TCNQ–TCNQ]<sup>2–</sup> ligand, which bridges the two zinc centers. The complex
facilitates π-stacking of TCNQ<sup>–</sup> ligands when
crystallized, which gives rise to a near-IR charge-transfer transition
and strong antiferromagnetic coupling
Additional file 1: Table S1. of The impact of sitting time and physical activity on major depressive disorder in South Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
Men and women participantsâ general characteristics. * Number of chronic diseases: Hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, thyroid gland disorder, chronic renal failure, hepatitis B. * Number of chronic diseases: Hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, thyroid gland disorder, chronic renal failure, hepatitis B. Table S2. Subgroup analysis of sitting-time and major depressive disorder according to physical activity. Adjusted for age, household income level, educational level, marital status, occupation, obesity, current smoking status, alcohol use and number of chronic diseases. (DOCX 51Â kb
Polymerization-Like Co-Assembly of Silver Nanoplates and Patchy Spheres
Highly anisometric
nanoparticles have distinctive mechanical, electrical,
and thermal properties and are therefore appealing candidates for
use as self-assembly building blocks. Here, we demonstrate that ultra-anisometric
nanoplates, which have a nanoscale thickness but a micrometer-scale
edge length, offer many material design capabilities. In particular,
we show that these nanoplates “copolymerize” in a predictable
way with patchy spheres (Janus and triblock particles) into one- and
two-dimensional structures with tunable architectural properties.
We find that, on the pathway to these structures, nanoplates assemble
into chains following the kinetics of molecular step-growth polymerization.
In the same mechanistic framework, patchy spheres control the size
distribution and morphology of assembled structures, by behaving as
monofunctional chain stoppers or multifunctional branch points during
nanoplate polymerization. In addition, both the lattice constant and
the stiffness of the nanoplate assemblies can be manipulated after
assembly. We see highly anisometric nanoplates as one representative
of a broader class of dual length-scale nanoparticles, with the potential
to enrich the library of structures and properties available to the
nanoparticle self-assembly toolbox
TRIM22 facilitates autophagosome-lysosome fusion by mediating the association of GABARAPs and PLEKHM1
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a large family of E3 ubiquitin ligases implicated in antiviral defense systems, tumorigenesis, and protein quality control. TRIM proteins contribute to protein quality control by regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, and macroautophagy/autophagy. However, the detailed mechanisms through which various TRIM proteins regulate downstream events have not yet been fully elucidated. Herein, we identified a novel function of TRIM22 in the regulation of autophagy. TRIM22 promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion by mediating the association of GABARAP family proteins with PLEKHM1, thereby inducing the autophagic clearance of protein aggregates, independent of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Furthermore, a TRIM22 variant associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer disease interferes with autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic clearance. These findings suggest TRIM22 as a critical autophagic regulator that orchestrates autophagosome-lysosome fusion by scaffolding autophagy-related proteins, thus representing a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.</p
Polymorphic Assembly from Beveled Gold Triangular Nanoprisms
The
shape anisotropy of nanoparticle building blocks is of critical importance
in determining their packing symmetry and assembly directionality.
While there has been extensive research on the effect of their overall
geometric shapes, the importance of nanometer morphology details is
not well-recognized or understood. Here we draw on shape-anisotropic
gold triangular nanoprism building blocks synthesized based on a method
we recently developed; besides the “large-scale” triangular
prism shape (79.8 nm in side length and 22.0 nm in thickness), the
prisms are beveled with their sides convexly enclosed by two flat
{100} facets. We engineer the balance between electrostatic repulsion
and entropically driven depletion attraction in the system to generate
self-assemblies without or with the effect of the nanoscale beveling
detail. A conventional, planar honeycomb (p-honeycomb) lattice forms
with the triangular basal planes packed on the same plane at low depletion
attraction, whereas an unexpected interlocking honeycomb (i-honeycomb)
lattice and its “supracrystal” forms are assembled with
additional close-paralleling of side facets at high depletion attraction.
The i-honeycomb lattice renders all the metallic surfaces in close
proximity and leads to a surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal
nearly 5-fold higher than that in the p-honeycomb lattice and high
sensitivity for detecting the model molecule Rhodamine 6G at a concentration
as low as 10<sup>–8</sup> M. Our study can guide future work
in both nanoparticle synthesis and self-assembly; nanoscale geometrical
features in anisotropic nanoparticles can be used as an important
handle to control directional interactions for nonconventional ordered
assemblies and to enrich diversity in self-assembly structure and
function