Effect of Different White-spot Lesion Treatment on Orthodontic Shear Strength and Enamel Morphology: In Vitro Study

Aim: White-spot lesion treatment is required before fixed appliance insertion as caries prevalence increases during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fluoride varnish, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) varnish, and resin infiltration as white-spot lesion treatments on orthodontic shear strength and enamel morphology. Materials and Methods: This is an observational analysis study with posttest-only control group design and blind total sampling methods. Sixty bovine mandible incisors were cleaned and divided into five groups (n = 12). No treatment was applied on Group 1 (control), whereas the four other groups were immersed in demineralization solution for 96 h before being stored in artificial saliva (Group 2), treated with fluoride varnish (Group 3), CPP-ACPF varnish (Group 4), and resin infiltration (Group 5). After bracket bonding with resin-modified glass ionomer on all samples, shear bond strength was evaluated. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) was observed by using a digital photo. Enamel morphology was evaluated using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before bracket bonding and after polishing. The Kruskal–Wallis test (P > 0.05) followed by Mann–Whitney U test was carried out (P < 0.05). Results: The shear strength in Groups 2 and 5 was slightly increased as compared with control group (P > 0.05), whereas it was significantly decreased in Groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). The ARI score was found to be highest after treatment with resin infiltration. Conclusion: Pretreatment with resin infiltration is recommended to be performed before bracket bonding on white-spot lesion; however, it may need to be reapplied after debonding and polishing to conceal enamel morphology damage formed after polishin

Variation of Non-syndromic Cleft Lip/Palate in Yayasan Surabaya Cleft Lip/Palate Center Surabaya, Indonesia

Objectives: Congenital anomalies are the biggest cause of prenatal, perinatal, or infant mortality and morbidity. A total of 15% of congenital abnormalities involve the craniofacial and oral segment. Orofacial cleft (OC) is one of the most common examples of congenital abnormalities. One example of OC is cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). The occurrence of the incident varies depending on geographical location, ethnicity, race, environmental exposure, and socioeconomic status of the patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the variation of non‑syndromic CL/P (nsCL/P) in Yayasan Surabaya CLP Center, East Java, Indonesia, as well as the number of occurrences of clefts in each gender. Materials and Methods: An analytical observational study with cross‑sectional and blind total sampling method was presented. Data obtained from Yayasan Surabaya CLP Center were grouped by type and classified by the LAHSHAL classification system. The numbers were calculated and then divided into occurrence per gender and per family history. A descriptive analysis was applied and then presented in table form. Results: The number of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft lip (CL), and cleft palate (CP) were 163, 57, and 16, respectively. The more detailed type: ...SHAL, .....AL, and ..HSH.., had the highest number of cases, which were 79, 28, and 10, respectively. Conclusion: Most types of CL/P at Yayasan Surabaya CLP Center were CLP, followed by CL and finally CP. The incidence of CLP and CL was more common in men, whereas CP was more common in women

Comparison on Shear Bond Strength between Precoated and Non-Precoated Adhesive Technique (an in vitro Study)

The aim of this study was comparing shear bond strength between precoated adesif and non-precoated adhesive on metal bracket. Thirty extracted human maxillary first premolar were randomly divided into three groups (10 per group). The group 1 was bonded with metal bracket with precoated adhesive technique. The group 2 was bonded with metal bracket with non-precoated adhesive technique, and group 3 was a control. Testing shear bond strength was done 30 minutes after bracket bonding with Autograph universal testing machine with cross-head speed of 0,5 mm/min. It took significantly (p < 0.05) shear bond strength between with precoated adhesive technique and non-precoated adhesive technique. The precoated adhesive technique had greater shear bond strength (11,575 MPa) than non-precoated adhesive technique (10,061 MPa). The control group had the greatest shear bond strength (12.158 MPa). There were difference in shear bond strength between precoated adhesive technique and non-precoated adhesive technique

Pasta gigi antibakteri dari tanaman gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan plak pada pemakai peranti ortodonti cekat (The antibacterial toothpaste containing gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) used for inhibiting the growth of dental plaque in fixed orthodontic patients)

Background: Oral hygiene is more difficult for orthodontic patients compared with individuals with normal dentition. Fixed orthodontic appliances cause a rapid increase of dental plaque volume due to the components of fixed orthodontic appliances. The addition of gambir extract in toothpaste is expected to inhibit the growth of dental plaque. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know that the antibacterial toothpaste made from gambir to inhibit the growth of dental plaque in fixed orthodontic patients. Method: This research was done in Faculty of Dentistry students, aged 18-24 years, have been wearing fixed orthodontic appliances 1-2 years. They were instructed to brush using Bass method. At first they brushed using placebo toothpaste and the second with gambir extract toothpaste. The score was taken 4 hours after brushing. Plaque was scored with Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI). The statistical analysis was done by using paired T-test. Result: The average of dental plaque score after brushed with placebo and gambir extract toothpaste were 41.51 and 24.11. The paired T-test showed that dental plaque after brushing with the placebo and gambir extract toothpaste had p value = 0.001 < α = 0.005. It meant that there was significantly difference in plaque after tooth brushing with placebo and gambir extract toothpaste. Conclusion: Toothpaste containing gambir extract can reduce the dental plaque in fixed orthodontic patients

Pengaruh menyikat gigi dengan pasta gigi siwak menggunakan teknik Bass terhadap akumulasi plak pada mahasiswa pengguna peranti ortodonti cekat di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga (Penelitian Eksperimental)

Background: The people who used fixed orthodontic appliances are required to have more effective oral cavity cleansing than those who are not (users), because there are some parts of fixed orthodontic which attached into the teeth. Siwak toothpaste has a wide range of ingridients, including: polyphenols, flavonoids, fluoride, and essential oils. Certainly, all of this material may work well to reduce the plaque accumulation resulting on the teeth with the aid of a good toothbrush, too. The Bass technique is suggested to the people who used fixed orthodontic appliances, because of it’s method. Purpose: The goal of this study is to find out about the effectivity of miswak toothpaste in reducing plaque accumulation in the teeth. Methods: The sample were the dentist student in Airlangga University aged 17-25 years, male and female, wearing fixed orthodontic appliance in maxilla and mandible, one sample was given three kinds of treatment. The sample use Bass technique. At the first day, the samples used the placebo toothpaste, at the second day, they used miswak toothpaste, and the third day, only brushed the teeth without the paste. After that, do the fasting for 4 hours, added the disclosing agent into the teeth, mouthwashed once, then, checked the plaque accumulation based on OPI score. Result:There was significant difference between the used of placebo toothpaste and miswak toothpaste (p=0.00

Thermoset and Thermoplastic Elastomeric Chain Comparative Strength: An In Vitro Study

Aim: Technology in the field of orthodontic has experienced many developments in the last two decades. The ultimate goal of orthodontic treatment is to provide continuous light pressure to get orthodontic tooth movement with minimum side effects. Elastomeric chains are commonly used materials for moving teeth and closing space. The strength of elastomeric chain results in a tendency for better elastomer selection. Some factories make elastomeric chains with thermoplastic and thermoset materials with thermoset material claims having strength resistance for longer periods of time. The aim of the study was to compare the degradation strength between thermoplastic and thermoset elastomeric chain. Materials and Methods: This was a true-experimental laboratory study (in vitro study). The sample comprised open-type elastomeric chains (power chain) with clear transparent color thermoplastic material, which include original power chain, plastic chain and thermoset material generation II, and memory chain. The samples were divided into four groups (n = 5): 24 h, 7, 14, and 21 days. Independent samples t tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to analyze the data. Results: There was significant dissimilarity between thermoplastic and thermoset elastomeric chain material in strength.Thermoplastic elastomeric chains decreased by 60.84%–65.51% and thermoset elastomeric chain reached 36.28%–58.80% within 21 days in artificial saliva solution. Conclusion: There was dissimilarity between the Chermoplastic and thermoset elastomeric chain materials in force decay due to excessive early withdrawal forces in the elastomeric chains of thermoplastic materials with a more rigid material than the thermoset elastomeric chains of the thermoset material

Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti pada populasi Arab di Sekolah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Banyuwangi menggunakan Aesthetic Component (AC) (Orthodontic treatment need of Arabian population in Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Banyuwangi using Aesthetic Component (AC))

Background: Orthodontic treatment need can be measured using the Aesthetic Component by IOTN. As time passing by, the importance of performing a supportive treatment that enhance facial and dental aesthetic are grown. Required information about orthodontic treatment needs in each tribe or population which one of them is the Arabian population. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know the orthodontic treatment need in Arabian population in Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah School at Banyuwangi using the Aesthetic Component (AC). Method: This study based on 51 students of Arabian population in Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Banyuwangi. The qualified samples was taken their intraoral photograph and dental impression. Then the intraoral photograph and study models were measured by the researcher and respondents based on 10 photos Aesthetic Component by IOTN. Results: The study on intraoral photograph and study model had the same results. Based on researchers on intraoral photographs and study model known that 25,50% didn’t need treatment or need minor treatment, 52,90% need borderline treatment and 21,60% definite need treatment. While on respondent assessment, 90,20% didn’t need treatment or need minor treatment, 2% had borderline treatment and 7,80% definite need treatment. There was a significant difference between the results of the assessment of researchers and respondents (p<0,05). On males samples it was found that 17,20% need minor treatment, 65,60% need borderline treatment and 27,20% definite need treatment. Based on females is found 36,40% need minor treatment, 36,40% need borderline treatment and 27,20% really need treatment. Conclusion: Assessment on intraoral photograph and study model end up with the same results. Orthodontic treatment need of Arabian population in Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Banyuwangi using Aesthetic Component is 74,50% need borderline treatment and definite need treatment

The comparison of maxillary and mandibular dental arch size in male and femalePapuan in Surabaya: A cross-sectional study

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the size of maxillary and mandibular dental arch between Papuan malesand females. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study design was carried out in 12 Papuan males and 12Papuan females aged above 18–25 years in the Surabaya. Raberin method was used to measure the maxillary and mandibulardental arches width in the dental cast in transversal (L33, L66, L77) and sagittal direction (L31, L61, L71). The statistical analysiswas used to analyze the data normality by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (P> 0.05). In addition, the independentt test was done todetermine the differences between groups (P< 0.01). Results: The average sizes of the maxillary dental arch width in thetransversal direction in Papuan males, respectively, L33, L66, and L77 were 35.86, 56.58, and 65.61 mm. The average sizes of themaxillary dental arch in the sagittal direction in men L31, L61, and L71 were 4.04, 35.60, and 46.41 mm. The average widths of themaxillary dental arch in a transversal direction in Papuan female L33, L66, and L77 were 32.45, 53.54, and 63 mm. The averagesizes of the maxillary dental arch in the sagittal direction in female L31, L61, and L71 were 3.55, 31.94, and 42.42 mm. There was asignificant difference between men and female maxillary dental arch in sagittal and transversal measurement (P< 0.01). Conclusion: Male Papuan has a bigger maxillary and mandibular dental arch width as compared to female Papuan. Evaluation ofPapuan dental arches may help the orthodontist to determine the diagnosis and treatment plan in this population

Pengantar Ilmu Orthodonti II

Dalam rangka pelindungan ciptaan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, seni dan sastra berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipt

Cephalometric characteristic of skeletal Class II malocclusion in Javanese Population at Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital

Introduction: To describe the cephalometric characteristic of skeletal Class II malocclusion in Javanese Population at Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital. Methods: A total of 118 lateral cephalograms of preorthodontic patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion were obtained from Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital. The lateral cephalograms were analyzed using digital cephalometric analysis to determine the ANB, mandibular length, facial axis, Y-axis, sella to nasion-mandibular plane (SN-MP), and lower anterior facial height (LAFH). Correlation between mandibular length and other variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation test with P < 0.05. Results: There was an increase of ANB, Y-axis, SN-MP, and LAFH. While SNB was decrease and mandibular length was shortened. There was a significant correlation between mandibular length and other variables, such as facial axis, SN-MP, LAFH, and ANB. Conclusions: Skeletal Class II malocclusion in Javanese Population at Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital was characterized by short mandibular length and large ANB mostly not by the increased of SNA but by the lack of SNB. The length of mandible correlated with facial axis angle, lower anterior facial height, and mandibular plane angle