Salivary Glucose Concentration and Excretion in Normal and Diabetic Subjects

The present report aims mainly at a reevaluation of salivary glucose concentration and excretion in unstimulated and mechanically stimulated saliva in both normal and diabetic subjects. In normal subjects, a decrease in saliva glucose concentration, an increase in salivary flow, but an unchanged glucose excretion rate were recorded when comparing stimulated saliva to unstimulated saliva. In diabetic patients, an increase in salivary flow with unchanged salivary glucose concentration and glucose excretion rate were observed under the same experimental conditions. Salivary glucose concentration and excretion were much higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects, whether in unstimulated or stimulated saliva. No significant correlation between glycemia and either glucose concentration or glucose excretion rate was found in the diabetic patients, whether in unstimulated or stimulated saliva. In the latter patients, as compared to control subjects, the relative magnitude of the increase in saliva glucose concentration was comparable, however, to that of blood glucose concentration. The relationship between these two variables was also documented in normal subjects and diabetic patients undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test

Diabetes-related molecular signatures in infrared spectra of human saliva

WOS: 000290261500001PubMed ID: 20630088Background: There is an ongoing need for improvements in non-invasive, point-of-care tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes mellitus. Ideally, such technologies would allow for community screening. Methods: In this study, we employed infrared spectroscopy as a novel diagnostic tool in the prediction of diabetic status by analyzing the molecular and sub-molecular spectral signatures of saliva collected from subjects with diabetes (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 22). Results: Spectral analysis revealed differences in several major metabolic components - lipid, proteins, glucose, thiocyanate and carboxylate - that clearly demarcate healthy and diseased saliva. The overall accuracy for the diagnosis of diabetes based on infrared spectroscopy was 100% on the training set and 88.2% on the validation set. Therefore, we have established that infrared spectroscopy can be used to generate complex biochemical profiles in saliva and identify several potential diabetes-associated spectral features. Conclusions: Infrared spectroscopy may represent an appropriate tool with which to identify novel diseases mechanisms, risk factors for diabetic complications and markers of therapeutic efficacy. Further study into the potential utility of infrared spectroscopy as diagnostic and prognostic tool for diabetes is warranted

Contribution of the study of the dynamic interaction between sleep EEG and heart rate variability

Doctorat en Sciences médicalesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Comportements et troubles sexuels induits par l'alcool

Since a long time, alcohol effects on sexual behaviour interest humans. Many myths and beliefs have evolved over centuries. Before the first scientific papers, common literature and theatre highlighted the controversial effects of this beverage on sexual relationships. Recent research reports that small amounts of alcohol do not affect sexual behaviour on the contrary to popular belief of improved sexual performance and arousal. With moderate to large consumption, male and female sexual activities are impaired and characterized by a decreased sensitivity, a loss of sexual desire, and a delayed or absent orgasm and ejaculation. Alcohol is often involved in sexual assaults, but it seems to be more related to a personality disorder with impulsivity rather than a cause by itself. In accordance with the Alcohol Myopia Theory, men under alcoholic influence show a lower control of their sexual desire and impulse as well as a higher misperception of women behaviours. Environmental factors could be also involved in sexual aggression. The sexual risk behaviours are also encouraged by alcohol. However, these data are controversial and include other factors like the individual personality, the socio-cultural influence, or prevention-related programs. Despite a negative association between alcohol and sexual behaviours, studies remain controversial on the alcohol effects. Many methodological limitations are reported such that presently, generalization of the results is hazardous. Many efforts are still required to understand precisely the link between alcohol and sexuality.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Contribution of the study of the dynamic interaction between sleep EEG and heart rate variability

Doctorat en Sciences médicalesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Etude du flux salivaire de glucose et des transporteurs de l'hexose exprimés dans les parotides de sujets sains et diabétiques

Previous epidemiological studies have shown that the diabetic population has a poor oral status compared to healthy subjects. While changes of the local microcirculation observed during diabetes can somehow explain periodontal pathologies this hypothesis does not stand for the carious decay. We propose the hypothesis that the increase of carious incidence might be linked to changes in the salivary composition, such as an increase of salivary glucose concentrations.The amount of glucose in saliva has been widely discussed in various scientific articles. Subsequently, we performed an initial study that allowed us to confirm that the concentration and excretion of glucose in the saliva were higher in diabetic patients compared to normal patients. In diabetic patients, the relative increase in salivary glucose concentration is even comparable to the rise of blood glucose.We conducted experimental studies in animals in order to investigate the presence and the level of expression of glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT4, SGLT1) in rat parotid glands. Through immunohistochemical labeling techniques, gene expression studies and protein expression studies, we demonstrated that GLUT1, GLUT4 and SGLT1 were found in rat parotid glands of normal and diabetic rats. Functional studies targeting the activity and the flux through those glucose transporters strengthened our hypothesis on the potential role of glucose transporter in salivary glucose.This original work introduce for the first time the hypothesis of a secretion mechanism of glucose by the salivary glands through GLUT1 & SGLT1 transporters, the first one being located on the apical and baso-lateral membranes of acinar cells, while the second one is located on the baso-lateral membrane. Secretion of glucose by the parotid gland is no longer at any doubt even though further studies must now specify the specific mechanisms.Doctorat en Sciences dentairesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Evaluation of the impact of regular control visits on dmft and DMFT indexes

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe