A kernel-free L1 norm regularized ν-support vector machine model with application

With a view to overcoming a few shortcomings resulting from the kernel-based SVM models, these kernel-free support vector machine (SVM) models are newly promoted and researched. With the aim of deeply enhancing the classification accuracy of present kernel-free quadratic surface support vector machine (QSSVM) models while avoiding computational complexity, an emerging kernel-free ν-fuzzy reduced QSSVM with L1 norm regularization model is proposed. The model has well-developed sparsity to avoid computational complexity and overfitting and has been simplified as these standard linear models on condition that the data points are (nearly) linearly separable. Computational tests are implemented on several public benchmark datasets for the purpose of showing the better performance of the presented model compared with a few known binary classification models. Similarly, the numerical consequences support the more elevated training effectiveness of the presented model in comparison with those of other kernel-free SVM models. What`s more, the presented model is smoothly employed in lung cancer subtype diagnosis with good performance, by using the gene expression RNAseq-based lung cancer subtype (LUAD/LUSC) dataset in the TCGA database

Isolation, Purification, Identification and Hypolipidemic Activity of Lipase Inhibitory Peptide from Chlorella pyrenoidosa

In this study, pancrelipase inhibitory peptides (PES) from an enzymatic protein hydrolysate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were isolated and purified by ultrafiltration and Sephadex gel chromatography. The in vivo hypolipidemic activity of PES was evaluated by fat deposition and the levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in Caenorhabditis elegans fed a high sugar diet. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify the peptide sequence of PES, and molecular docking was used to select potential pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides, and the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the synthesized peptides was verified. The results showed that PES had good hypolipidemic activity at a concentration of 1 mg/mL; it inhibited lipid deposition by 22.5%, and reduced the levels of TG and TC by 27.4% and 29.4%, respectively. In total, 999 peptides were identified, and four potential lipase inhibitory peptides were obtained. Among them, FLGPF had the best inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase, with an inhibition rate of 50.12% at 8 mg/mL. The inhibition was reversible and non-competitive, with an inhibition constant of 5.23 mg/mL. Molecular docking showed that FLGPF could better bind to human pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PTL) via π-hydrogen, π-cation and hydrogen bond interactions. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of C. pyrenoidosa protein-derived hypolipidemic peptide

Conformal and continuous deposition of bifunctional cobalt phosphide layers on p-silicon nanowire arrays for improved solar hydrogen evolution

Vertically aligned p-silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays have been extensively investigated in recent years as promising photocathodes for solar-driven hydrogen evolution. However, the fabrication of SiNW photocathodes with both high photoelectrocatalytic activity and long-term operational stability using a simple and affordable approach is a challenging task. Herein, we report conformal and continuous deposition of a di-cobalt phosphide (Co2P) layer on lithography-patterned highly ordered SiNW arrays via a cost-effective drop-casting method followed by a low-temperature phosphorization treatment. The as-deposited Co2P layer consists of crystalline nanoparticles and has an intimate contact with SiNWs, forming a well-defined SiNW@Co2P core/shell nanostructure. The conformal and continuous Co2P layer functions as a highly efficient catalyst capable of substantially improving the photoelectrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and effectively passivates the SiNWs to protect them from photo-oxidation, thus prolonging the lifetime of the electrode. As a consequence, the SiNW@Co2P photocathode with an optimized Co2P layer thickness exhibits a high photocurrent density of -21.9 mA.cm(-2) at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and excellent operational stability up to 20 h for solar-driven hydrogen evolution, outperforming many nanostructured silicon photocathodes reported in the literature. The combination of passivation and catalytic functions in a single continuous layer represents a promising strategy for designing high-performance semiconductor photoelectrodes for use in solar-driven water splitting, which may simplify fabrication procedures and potentially reduce production costsThis work was funded by ERDF funds through the Portuguese Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization COMPETE 2020, and national funds through FCT – The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project “PTDC/CTM-ENE/2349/2014” (Grant Agreement No. 016660). The work is also partially funded by the Portugal-China Bilateral Collaborative Programme (FCT/21102/28/12/2016/S). L. F. Liu acknowledges the financial support of the FCT Investigator Grant (IF/01595/2014) and Exploratory Grant (IF/01595/2014/CP1247/CT0001). L. Qiao acknowledges the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Agreement No. 2016YFE0132400).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comprehensive Molecular Portraits of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most prevalent histologic subtype of invasive breast cancer. Here, we comprehensively profiled 817 breast tumors, including 127 ILC, 490 ductal (IDC), and 88 mixed IDC/ILC. Besides E-cadherin loss, the best known ILC genetic hallmark, we identified mutations targeting PTEN, TBX3 and FOXA1 as ILC enriched features. PTEN loss associated with increased AKT phosphorylation, which was highest in ILC among all breast cancer subtypes. Spatially clustered FOXA1 mutations correlated with increased FOXA1 expression and activity. Conversely, GATA3 mutations and high expression characterized Luminal A IDC, suggesting differential modulation of ER activity in ILC and IDC. Proliferation and immune-related signatures determined three ILC transcriptional subtypes associated with survival differences. Mixed IDC/ILC cases were molecularly classified as ILC-like and IDC-like revealing no true hybrid features. This multidimensional molecular atlas sheds new light on the genetic bases of ILC and provides potential clinical options

The Somatic Genomic Landscape of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

We describe the landscape of somatic genomic alterations of 66 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChRCCs) based on multidimensional and comprehensive characterization, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and whole genome sequencing. The result is consistent that ChRCC originates from the distal nephron compared to other kidney cancers with more proximal origins. Combined mtDNA and gene expression analysis implicates changes in mitochondrial function as a component of the disease biology, while suggesting alternative roles for mtDNA mutations in cancers relying on oxidative phosphorylation. Genomic rearrangements lead to recurrent structural breakpoints within TERT promoter region, which correlates with highly elevated TERT expression and manifestation of kataegis, representing a mechanism of TERT up-regulation in cancer distinct from previously-observed amplifications and point mutations

Devious Phloem Intruder <em>Candidatus</em> Liberibacter Species Causing Huanglongbing: History, Symptoms, Mechanism, and Current Strategies

Huanglongbing (HLB) or greening is a devastating phloem-intruding bacterial disease that generates various symptoms in leaves and fruits, threatening the global citrus industry. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus are the causative agents of HLB in citrus-producing regions around many countries, and these proteobacteria are being vectorized by Diaphorina citri and Triozaerytreae. The lack of HLB-resistant citrus cultivars, the rapid spread of disease, and the fastidious nature of HLB-proteobacteria have made it difficult to mitigate HLB in the citrus field. There are numerous reports on the control of HLB disease using thermotherapy, chemotherapy, plant defense activators, brassinosteroids, and nanoemulsions. However, there is no evidence of such applicability of the methods mentioned above to complete the elimination or suppression of the pathogen to control HLB disease. We aim to provide an overall picture of HLB disease, its distribution, causal organism, pathogenic mechanism, and current and future strategies for combat against citrus Huanglongbing disease. This review may prompt the researchers toward an integrated and environmentally sustainable methodology for the mitigation/elimination of HLB pathogens