Irreversible Effects in Thin Film Buckling and Development of a High Temperature Thermoplastic Foam

Three projects in total are involved in this dissertation. They are: (1) Compression-induced fold localization of thin films bonded to viscous substrate. (2) Stretching-induced wrinkling in plastic-rubber composites. (3) The preparation and thermomechanical properties of high temperature PPEK foams. In the study of irreversible effects in the thin film buckling. Two projects would be covered: (1) Compression-induced fold localization of thin films bonded to viscous substrate. The basic idea is as following: the viscous liquid is layered on a prestretched rubber substrate, and a strip of film is then placed on the surface of the liquid. Releasing the rubber substrate at a well-controlled rate imposes compressive stress on the liquid, which in turn compresses the film and induces buckling at the free surface. In this project, the following work would be discussed in detail: 1) how the experiments are implemented: self-designed and set up of the experiments and digital image correlation analysis approach for video data processing; 2) analysis the effect of releasing rate of the rubber and liquid layer thickness to the system. (2) Stretching-induced wrinkling in plastic-rubber composites. In this study, the mechanics of three-layer composite films composed of an elastomeric layer sandwiched between two thin surface layers of plastic is studied. Upon stretching and releasing such composite films, they develop a highly wrinkled surface texture. This approach to realizing highly wrinkled textures offers several advantages, most importantly the fact that high aspect ratio wrinkles (amplitude to wavelength ratios exceeding 0.4) can be realized. At last, In the study of the preparation and thermomechanical properties of high temperature PPEK foams, the following work would be shown in detail: 1) develop a foaming process to convert phthalazinone-based polymers into foams of various densities; 2) evaluate the density, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of the foams. And specifically, thermal conductivity and modulus of the foam will be measured as a function of their density

Improved micro-continuum approach for capillary-dominated multiphase flow with reduced spurious velocity

A diverse range of multiphase flow and transport occurs in multiscale porous media. The multiphase micro-continuum Darcy-Brinkmann-Stokes (DBS) model has been developed to simulate the multiphase flow at both the pore and continuum scales via single-field equations. However, the unacceptable spurious velocities produced by the conventional micro-continuum DBS model present challenges to the modeling of capillary-dominated flow dynamics. This study improves the micro-continuum DBS model to mitigate these spurious velocities at the gas-liquid interface and contact-line regions. A hybrid interpolation scheme is proposed to improve the computational accuracy of the interface curvature and reduce the spurious velocity around the gas-liquid interface by 1-2 orders of magnitude. At the porous boundary, the normal to the gas-liquid interface is corrected, and the normal to the solid-fluid interface is smoothed to guarantee the prescribed wettability condition and decrease the spurious velocities at the contact-line region by an order of magnitude. A series of static and dynamic benchmark cases are investigated to demonstrate that the improved DBS model can simulate capillary-dominated multiphase flows with negligible spurious velocities at capillary numbers as low as 10-4 in both simple and complex geometries. The improved DBS model can combine X-ray computed micro-tomography images to perform multiscale simulations of capillary-dominated multiphase flow and understand the effect of sub-resolution porosity on fluid dynamics in naturally multiscale rocks

CLIP-KD: An Empirical Study of Distilling CLIP Models

CLIP has become a promising language-supervised visual pre-training framework and achieves excellent performance over a wide range of tasks. This paper aims to distill small CLIP models supervised by a large teacher CLIP model. We propose several distillation strategies, including relation, feature, gradient and contrastive paradigm, to examine the impact on CLIP distillation. We show that the simplest feature mimicry with MSE loss performs best. Moreover, interactive contrastive learning and relation-based distillation are also critical in performance improvement. We apply the unified method to distill several student networks trained on 15 million (image, text) pairs. Distillation improves the student CLIP models consistently over zero-shot ImageNet classification and cross-modal retrieval benchmarks. We hope our empirical study will become an important baseline for future CLIP distillation research. The code is available at \url{https://github.com/winycg/CLIP-KD}

Pore-scale study of miscible density instability with viscosity contrast in porous media

The transport of miscible fluids in porous media is a prevalent phenomenon that occurs in various natural and industrial contexts. However, this fundamental phenomenon is usually coupled with interface instabilities (e.g., viscous/density fingering), which has yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this paper, a multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method is applied to study the displacement between two miscible fluids in porous media at the pore scale, with the coexistence of density difference (Rayleigh number Ra), viscosity contrast (R), and injection velocity (Utop). A parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of Ra, R, and Utop on the flow stability. For a fixed Ra that can trigger density fingering, the increase in R or Utop is found to suppress density fingering. Consequently, under a large Utop and a moderate R, the density fingering is fully stabilized and the flow follows a stabile pattern. Furthermore, as both R and Utop grow to a sufficiently high level, they can jointly trigger viscous fingering. In addition, the increasing Ra shows an enhancing effect on both density fingering and viscous fingering. Finally, by quantitatively analyzing the fingering length (lm) and the fingering propagation time (te), five different flow patterns are classified as viscosity-suppressed (I), viscosity-enhanced (II), viscosity-unstable (III), displacement-suppressed (IV), and stable (V) regimes. In a three-dimensional parameter space spanned by Ra, R, and Utop, the parameter ranges of the five regimes are determined according to lm and te. These findings hold a significant value in providing guidance for controlling the flow stability by selecting appropriate operating conditions