AutoPET Challenge 2022: Step-by-Step Lesion Segmentation in Whole-body FDG-PET/CT

Automatic segmentation of tumor lesions is a critical initial processing step for quantitative PET/CT analysis. However, numerous tumor lesions with different shapes, sizes, and uptake intensity may be distributed in different anatomical contexts throughout the body, and there is also significant uptake in healthy organs. Therefore, building a systemic PET/CT tumor lesion segmentation model is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel step-by-step 3D segmentation method to address this problem. We achieved Dice score of 0.92, false positive volume of 0.89 and false negative volume of 0.53 on preliminary test set.The code of our work is available on the following link: https://github.com/rightl/autopet.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2209.0121

Yeast synthetic biology advances biofuel production

Increasing concerns of environmental impacts and global warming calls for urgent need to switch from use of fossil fuels to renewable technologies. Biofuels represent attractive alternatives of fossil fuels and have gained continuous attentions. Through the use of synthetic biology it has become possible to engineer microbial cell factories for efficient biofuel production in a more precise and efficient manner. Here, we review advances on yeast-based biofuel production. Following an overview of synthetic biology impacts on biofuel production, we review recent advancements on the design, build, test, learn steps of yeast-based biofuel production, and end with discussion of challenges associated with use of synthetic biology for developing novel processes for biofuel production

Stabilizing the Oxygen Lattice and Reversible Oxygen Redox Chemistry through Structural Dimensionality in Lithium-Rich Cathode Oxides.

Lattice-oxygen redox (l-OR) has become an essential companion to the traditional transition-metal (TM) redox charge compensation to achieve high capacity in Li-rich cathode oxides. However, the understanding of l-OR chemistry remains elusive, and a critical question is the structural effect on the stability of l-OR reactions. Herein, the coupling between l-OR and structure dimensionality is studied. We reveal that the evolution of the oxygen-lattice structure upon l-OR in Li-rich TM oxides which have a three-dimensional (3D)-disordered cation framework is relatively stable, which is in direct contrast to the clearly distorted oxygen-lattice framework in Li-rich oxides which have a two-dimensional (2D)/3D-ordered cation structure. Our results highlight the role of structure dimensionality in stabilizing the oxygen lattice in reversible l-OR, which broadens the horizon for designing high-energy-density Li-rich cathode oxides with stable l-OR chemistry

Causal effects of education attainment on oral and oropharyngeal cancer: New evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study

ObjectivesHigher educational attainment (EA) has proven to be beneficial for preventing and treating various types of cancers. Currently, there is little evidence on the association between EA and prevention of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OCPC).MethodsSeveral databases were searched until October 1, 2022, and a meta-analysis was performed. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted with EA (i.e., the exposure) data derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and 6,034 cases of OCPC (i.e., outcome) selected from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit genome-wide association study. Five methods were used to evaluate the causality between EA and OCPC. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-Egger regression, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were applied to evaluate the MR results.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 36 eligible studies. EA was significantly and negatively associated with OCPC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.439, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.503, P < 0.001). MR analysis revealed that the risk of OCPC, oropharyngeal cancer, and oral cavity cancer decreased with an increase in education (OR: 0.349, 95% CI: 0.222–0.548, P < 0.001; OR: 0.343, 95% CI: 0.198–0.597; P < 0.001; OR: 0.342, 95% CI: 0.195–0.601, P < 0.001, respectively). Even after correcting for mediators, high EA still significantly reduced the risk of OCPC (OR: 0.361, 95% CI: 0.281–0.463, P < 0.001).ConclusionBoth the meta-analysis and MR results demonstrated that high levels of EA can reduce the risk of OCPC in the general population