A Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Oral English Teaching in Rural Junior Middle Schools under the Background of Man-machine Dialogue Examination in China

English is a main subject of high school entrance examination in China. Many Students have learned English for more than ten years, but they are still unable to communicate with others in English after they graduate from middle school or even high school because of the poor oral English. With the advocacy of the new curriculum reform and quality-oriented education, many provinces and municipalities in China have introduced oral English test into the English exam of high school entrance examination. However, comparing with urban students, students’ oral English in rural areas is relatively weak, which is undoubtedly a huge challenge for rural junior middle schools. Hence, rural junior middle schools need to take measures to improve the oral English of students. This paper analyses the problems of oral English teaching in rural junior middle schools from the aspects of teaching facilities, teachers and students, putting forward some suggestions accordingly

Study on tax burden calculation and risk allocation for industries in free trade zones

The existence of tax burden outlier of industries will hinder the sustainable development of the regional economy. By calculating the tax burden of 3,585 enterprises in 11 industries in China (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone, we find that there are six industries with abnormal tax burden, namely, the construction industry, transportation, the warehousing and postal industry, information transmission, software and the information technology service industry, the financial industry, the real estate industry, and the leasing and business service industry. Based on the semi-parametric time-varying model, we changed the time variable into the industry variable, and studied the mutual influence of the tax burden of each industry under the control variables of actual tax burden and employment number respectively and jointly driven. Considering the control variable as the formulation of tax policy, we can calculate the interaction and fluctuation range of each industry tax burden under different tax policies. According to this result, the tax burden risk of six industries with tax burden outlier is allocated

Periodic static compression of micro-strain pattern regulates endochondral bone formation

Introduction: Developmental engineering based on endochondral ossification has been proposed as a potential strategy for repairing of critical bone defects. Bone development is driven by growth plate-mediated endochondral ossification. Under physiological conditions, growth plate chondrocytes undergo compressive forces characterized by micro-mechanics, but the regulatory effect of micro-mechanical loading on endochondral bone formation has not been investigated.Methods: In this study, a periodic static compression (PSC) model characterized by micro-strain (with 0.5% strain) was designed to clarify the effects of biochemical/mechanical cues on endochondral bone formation. Hydrogel scaffolds loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated in proliferation medium or chondrogenic medium, and PSC was performed continuously for 14 or 28 days. Subsequently, the scaffold pretreated for 28 days was implanted into rat femoral muscle pouches and femoral condylar defect sites. The chondrogenesis and bone defect repair were evaluated 4 or 10 weeks post-operation.Results: The results showed that PSC stimulation for 14 days significantly increased the number of COL II positive cells in proliferation medium. However, the chondrogenic efficiency of BMSCs was significantly improved in chondrogenic medium, with or without PSC application. The induced chondrocytes (ichondrocytes) spontaneously underwent hypertrophy and maturation, but long-term mechanical stimulation (loading for 28 days) significantly inhibited hypertrophy and mineralization in ichondrocytes. In the heterotopic ossification model, no chondrocytes were found and no significant difference in terms of mineral deposition in each group; However, 4 weeks after implantation into the femoral defect site, all scaffolds that were subjected to biochemical/mechanical cues, either solely or synergistically, showed typical chondrocytes and endochondral bone formation. In addition, simultaneous biochemical induction/mechanical loading significantly accelerated the bone regeneration.Discussion: Our findings suggest that microstrain mechanics, biochemical cues, and in vivo microenvironment synergistically regulate the differentiation fate of BMSCs. Meanwhile, this study shows the potential of micro-strain mechanics in the treatment of critical bone defects

Maternal Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Mounting evidence suggests that maternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) may increase the risk of cancer in their offspring; however, results are inconsistent. The purpose of this research is to determine the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and GWG and the risk of cancer in offspring through a systematic and comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search of several databases was conducted on 1 October 2022 to identify relevant studies. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The overall risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-two studies with more than 8 million participants were included. An increased risk of total cancer was found in offspring whose mothers had a high GWG (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.19; p: 0.040) but not in offspring whose mothers had a low GWG (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.96–1.17; p: 0.030), when compared with offspring whose mothers had a suitable GWG. In addition, no statistically significant association was found between maternal underweight (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.97–1.13; p: 0.630), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.99–1.16; p: 0.020), and risk of total cancer in offspring. Conclusions: Our study proposes evidence that maternal BMI and GWG may be associated with the risk of cancer in offspring, although statistical significance was found only for high GWG. Further well-designed research is required to clarify the potential relevance of maternal BMI and GWG on offspring cancer, especially for specific cancers

The size distribution of <i>Fragaria vesca</i> unigenes.

<p>The size distribution of <i>Fragaria vesca</i> unigenes.</p

Expression profiles of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in <i>Fragaria vesca</i>.

<p>Expression profiles of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in <i>Fragaria vesca</i>.</p

Developmental and ripening stages of YW and RG as defined in this research.

<p>Above: RG with white fruit, turning stage fruit and ripe fruit; Below: YW with white fruit, turning stage fruit and ripe fruit.</p

The expression levels of six flavonoid pathway genes and the TFs at developmental stage T between two biological replicates samples using qRT-PCR.

<p>Dark-colored bars indicate Ruegen (RG), light-colored bars indicate Yellow Wonder (YW). The Y-axis represents relative expression; the X-axis represents the different biological replicates.</p