Pioglitazone improves spatial memory in APP/PS1 mutant mice.

<p>(a) WT and APP/PS1 mutant mice were treated with DMSO/pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) for 15 days and then tested in Morris water maze. Administration of APP/PS1 mice with pioglitazone significantly reduced the escape latency at D4 & 5. (b) Administration of APP/PS1 mutant mice with pioglitazone significantly enhanced the time spent in target quadrant (mean ± SEM, n = 10–12 mice; **<i>p</i> < 0.01, one-way ANOVA with Student–Newman–Keuls test).</p

Consequences of farming land loss on food security of farming community.

Consequences of farming land loss on food security of farming community.</p

Increased Cdk5 activity in Alzheimer’s disease.

<p>(a) Hippocampi of WT and APP/PS1 mutant mice were homogenized and Cdk5 protein was immunoprecipitated and subjected to kinase assay using Histone H1 as a substrate. (b) Quantification analysis (mean ± SEM, n = 6 hippocampi; **<i>p</i> < 0.01, unpaired Student’s <i>t</i>-test). (c) Cultured hippocampal neurons at 20 DIV were treated with Aβ (500 nM) for 2 h and then Cdk5 protein was immunoprecipitated and subjected to <i>in vitro</i> kinase assay. (d) Quantification analysis (mean ± SEM, n = 4 independent experiments; **<i>p</i> < 0.01, unpaired Student’s <i>t</i>-test).</p

Socioeconomic background of farmers.

The acquisition of agricultural land is a crucial aspect of survival for numerous rural communities, serving as a fundamental tool for combating poverty and food insecurity and promoting equitable sustainable economic progress. The expropriation of land offers a promising prospect for remedying past inequities and promoting both economic progress and food sufficiency. Limited research has examined the association between land expropriation and food security, livelihood shocks, and the well-being of rural households worldwide. Therefore, this research explores the implications of land expropriation on food security, livelihood shocks, and well-being of land lost rural communities. The data were collected from 384 farmers selected through stratified sampling techniques using face-to-face surveys in rural China. The data were analyzed using descriptive and logit regression models. The descriptive findings showed that land expropriation has detrimental effects on the livelihood, food security, and well-being of the farmers. Furthermore, these impacts are more harmful among land-expropriated households with a lower educational level, a large family size, and women farmers in less developed rural communities. The econometric results evinced that gender, age, education level, marital status, family size, and negative changes in income all significantly affect the impact of land expropriation on the food security of farmers. Similarly, the findings revealed that farmers with lower education levels were more likely to be affected by land loss as compared to farmers with medium and high education levels. Farmers with complete land loss were 1.70 times more likely to suffer livelihood shocks than those with partial land loss. The results also evinced that the well-being of all farmers was not affected equally, and some farmers’ well-being was affected more than others due to various socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, this study suggests the implementation of public policies that provide support to farmers who have been marginalized due to land acquisition.</div

Model specifications.

The acquisition of agricultural land is a crucial aspect of survival for numerous rural communities, serving as a fundamental tool for combating poverty and food insecurity and promoting equitable sustainable economic progress. The expropriation of land offers a promising prospect for remedying past inequities and promoting both economic progress and food sufficiency. Limited research has examined the association between land expropriation and food security, livelihood shocks, and the well-being of rural households worldwide. Therefore, this research explores the implications of land expropriation on food security, livelihood shocks, and well-being of land lost rural communities. The data were collected from 384 farmers selected through stratified sampling techniques using face-to-face surveys in rural China. The data were analyzed using descriptive and logit regression models. The descriptive findings showed that land expropriation has detrimental effects on the livelihood, food security, and well-being of the farmers. Furthermore, these impacts are more harmful among land-expropriated households with a lower educational level, a large family size, and women farmers in less developed rural communities. The econometric results evinced that gender, age, education level, marital status, family size, and negative changes in income all significantly affect the impact of land expropriation on the food security of farmers. Similarly, the findings revealed that farmers with lower education levels were more likely to be affected by land loss as compared to farmers with medium and high education levels. Farmers with complete land loss were 1.70 times more likely to suffer livelihood shocks than those with partial land loss. The results also evinced that the well-being of all farmers was not affected equally, and some farmers’ well-being was affected more than others due to various socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, this study suggests the implementation of public policies that provide support to farmers who have been marginalized due to land acquisition.</div

Implications of land expropriation on subjective well-being.

Implications of land expropriation on subjective well-being.</p

Farmers who suffered livelihood shocks due to land expropriation.

Farmers who suffered livelihood shocks due to land expropriation.</p

Factors determining the influence of land loss on food security.

Factors determining the influence of land loss on food security.</p

Pioglitazone rescues the CA3-CA1 LTP impairment in mouse AD models.

<p>(a) Acute hippocampal slices were treated with DMSO/Aβ (500 nM) in the presence of DMSO/pioglitazone (20 μM). (b) Quantification of the fEPSP slope 50–60 min after TBS stimulation (mean ± SEM, n = 12–16 slices from 6–8 mice; **<i>p</i> < 0.01, one-way ANOVA with Student–Newman–Keuls test). (c) WT and APP/PS1 mutant mice were treated with DMSO/pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) for 7 days and then LTP at CA3-CA1 synapses were recorded. (d) Quantification of the fEPSP slope 50–60 min after TBS stimulation (mean ± SEM, n = 12–16 slices from 6–8 mice; **<i>p</i> < 0.01, one-way ANOVA with Student–Newman–Keuls test).</p

Implications of land expropriation on livelihood shocks.

Implications of land expropriation on livelihood shocks.</p