MONTHLY INCOME OF FAMILY, EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, KNOWLEDGE, AND EATING BEHAVIORS AMONG PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN SIDOARJO

ABSTRACT Background: Many factors can influence the choice of food and diet of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including personal dimensions (socioeconomic, educational level, and knowledge), behavioral pattern, and environmental characteristics (Savoca and Miller, 2001). Purpose: This study aimed to describe and examine the relationship between monthly income of family, educational level, knowledge, and eating behaviors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sidoarjo. Methods: The design of this study used a cross-sectional method to measure the relationship of several variables. The population in this study were all diabetics in the working area of the Sidoarjo Community Health Center. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The total of samples in this study were 117 respondents with inclusion criteria, among others aged 20-60 years, can read, and want to participate in this study. Data collection using demographic data questionnaire (DDQ) for monthly income of family and educational level, eating behavior is measured by self-management dietary behaviors questionnaire (SMDBQ), and knowledge is measured by diabetes knowledge questionnaire (DKQ). The data of this study was analyzed using Pearson Correlation with significance α ≤ .05. Results: Based on the results, it found that educational level, monthly income of family, and knowledge had positive relationship with eating behaviors (r = .60, p < .001; r = .61, p < .001; r = .33, p < .001, respectively). Educational level and monthly income of family had positive relationship with knowledge (r = 21, p < .05; r = .31, p < .001, respectively). And also, educational level had positive relationship with monthly income of family (r = .63, p < .001). Discussion: With the results of this study, health workers are expected to create programs to improve eating behavior in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus that are adjusted to the condition of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Key words: Eating behaviors, monthly income of family, educational level, knowledge, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Factors Influencing Eating Behaviors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Sidoarjo Sub-district, East Java, Indonesia

Objectives: To describe and examine predictive factors toward eating behaviors among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods:A simple random sampling was conducted to recruit 117 diabetes patients from Sidoarjo sub-district. Data were collected from January to February, 2015. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results:Type 2 diabetes patients’ eating behaviors, monthly income of family, self-efficacy, psychological stress, and family support were in moderate levels (means with standard deviations of 75.44 10.58, 1,746,846.15 521,828.66, 60.88 6.30, 42.59 5.77, and 55.38 13.83, respectively), while educational level and knowledge were in high level (12.43 2.45 and 12.08 2.29, respectively), and healthcare worker communication was in sufficient level (33.42 5.34). Self-efficacy (β= 0.36, P< .001), family support (β= 0.31, P< .001), monthly income of family (β = 0.24, P< 0.001), and psychological stress (β= -0.18, P< 0.01) were significant predictors ofeating behaviors and accounted for 66.5% in the variance of eating behaviors (R² = 0.665, F(4,112) = 55.63, P< 0.001). Educational level, knowledge, and healthcare worker communication were not significant predictors of eating behaviors. Conclusion:Self-efficacy, family support, family monthly income, and psychological stress predicted eating behaviors. Program aiming at increasing self-efficacy, motivating family support, decreasing psychological stress and also providing information related to food consumption behavior in everyday life to suit the income of the family should be developed. Keywords: Eating behaviors, self-efficacy, family support, psychological stress, type 2 diabetes patients