Consideration on Japan\u27s phosphate economic activity in the South China Sea in the 1940s

Japan\u27s Rasa Island Phosphate Ore, Ltd established on Lhasa Island which about 150 km south of Okinawa\u27s Minami Daito Island. Rasa Island Phosphate Ore, Ltd stopped collecting Nankai\u27s phosphorus mine in April 1929. Later, in 1936, with the support of the Japanese Navy, Sueharu Hirata founded Kaiyo Industry Ore, Ltd. However, besides the subsidies provided by the Government-General of Formosa , the company made little profit. Later, the right to collect phosphorusore was transferred to Nanyo Kohatsu Ore, Ltd. In the 1940s, Taiwan Takushoku Ore, Ltd. has also begun collecting phosphorus mine in Nansha and Xisha. Therefore, this paper examines the specific economic circumstances such as the transportation situation and management activities related to the extraction of phosphate deposits in Nansha and Xisha that based on the drafts of the Taiwan Takushoku company materials museum and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs\u27 diplomatic history materials museum. Then to analyze the Japanese mining in the South China Sea phosphate rock in the 1940s.中谷伸生教授古稀記念

Japanese Economic Activities in Nansha Islands in the Early 20th Century : Concentrating on the Rasa Island Phosphate Ore, Ltd

In the Meiji era, the Japanese rushed into the Pacific Ocean islands for the sake of economic resources. The initiative has expanded to South China Sea in the end of Taisho period. The Rasa Island Phosphate a limited Partnership was founded by agriculture Dr. Noritaka Tsunetō. The Rasa Island Phosphate Ore, Ltd advanced to the Nansha Islands to mine mineral phosphate. The economic activities of the Rasa Island Phosphate Ore, Ltd lasted for eight years. Because of the economic downturn, they withdrew from the islands. The economic activities of the Rasa Island Phosphate Ore, Ltd was an example of the Japanese development in South China Sea, which unlike the national policy companies of the 1930s. It presents a side of Japan\u27s economic southward development.文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点[東アジアの思想と構造

Evaluation of paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of symptomatic intracranial in-stent restenosis

BackgroundSymptomatic intracranial in-stent restenosis (sISR) poses a major challenge in the management of cerebrovascular diseases, often requiring effective and safe treatment options.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty for treating sISR.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of five patients aged 49-74 years, who were treated with PCB angioplasty between January 2017 and June 2022. Treatment procedures included pre-operative digital subtraction angiography, antiplatelet therapy, and the use of the SeQuent Please balloon. Patients received aspirin and clopidogrel prior to and after the procedure.ResultsThe procedure achieved a 100% success rate. The degree of ISR was significantly reduced from an average pre-operative rate of 72±18.9% to a post-operative rate of 34±8.22%. Long-term follow-up showed that the majority of patients did not experience restenosis, confirming the long-term effectiveness of the treatment.ConclusionsPCB angioplasty demonstrates significant potential as an effective and safe treatment option for patients with sISR, especially those considered to be at high risk. This study supports further investigation into PCB angioplasty as a standard treatment for sISR

Synthesis of renewable monomer 2, 5-bishydroxymethylfuran from highly concentrated 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in deep eutectic solvents

Abstract(#br)2, 5-Bishydroxymethylfuran (BHMF) has been currently emerged as a promising biomass-derived monomer. It is highly desirable to proceed a chemical process at a high substrate concentration, by which a facile and cost-effective separation of products can be expected. Herein, we report for the first time on the hydrogenation of highly concentrated 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in deep eutectic solvents (DESs), giving a near quantitative selectivity towards BHMF in ChCl-glycerol DES at 25°C in 3h using NaBH 4 as the H-donor. DES is hailed as a new class of green solvent, in which HMF/BHMF could be stabilized by the strong hydrogen-bond interaction, and allowed the selective hydrogenation of HMF at high concentration up to 40wt%. Notably, the resulting BHMF could be facilely separated by extraction with ethyl acetate, and then high purity of BHMF with a desirable isolated yield around 80% was obtained after removing of ethyl acetate. Additionally, the reaction efficiency of HMF hydrogenation in DESs was verified to be strongly associated with the viscosity of DESs and the p K a value of hydrogen-bonding donor

Case report:TP53 and RB1 loss may facilitate the transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer by expressing neuroendocrine markers

INTRODUCTION: Transformation from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the mechanisms responsible for acquired EGFR-TKIs resistance. Although it rarely happens this event determines a rapid disease deterioration and needs specific treatment. PATIENT AND METHOD: We report a case of 75-year-old LUAD female with a p.L858R mutation in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) who presented with SCLC transformation after responding to first line osimertinib treatment for only 6 months. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, we retrospectively sequenced the first (LUAD) and the second (SCLC) biopsy using a 56 multi-gene panel. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) was applied to confirm the genetic aberrations identified. RESULTS: EGFR p.E709A and p.L858R, Tumor Protein p53 (TP53) p.A159D and Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) c.365-1G>A were detected in both the diagnostic LUAD and transformed SCLC samples. A high copy number gain for Proto-Oncogene C-Myc (MYC) and a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Alpha (PIK3CA) p.E545K mutation were found in the transformed sample specifically. Strong TP53 staining and negative RB1 staining were observed in both LUAD and SCLC samples, but FISH only identified MYC amplification in SCLC tissue. CONCLUSION: We consider the combined presence of MYC amplification with mutations in TP53 and RB1 as drivers of SCLC transformation. Our results highlight the need to systematically evaluate TP53 and RB1 status in LUAD patients to offer a different therapeutic strategy

Case report: TP53 and RB1 loss may facilitate the transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer by expressing neuroendocrine markers

IntroductionTransformation from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the mechanisms responsible for acquired EGFR-TKIs resistance. Although it rarely happens this event determines a rapid disease deterioration and needs specific treatment.Patient and methodWe report a case of 75-year-old LUAD female with a p.L858R mutation in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) who presented with SCLC transformation after responding to first line osimertinib treatment for only 6 months. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, we retrospectively sequenced the first (LUAD) and the second (SCLC) biopsy using a 56 multi-gene panel. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) was applied to confirm the genetic aberrations identified.ResultsEGFR p.E709A and p.L858R, Tumor Protein p53 (TP53) p.A159D and Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) c.365-1G>A were detected in both the diagnostic LUAD and transformed SCLC samples. A high copy number gain for Proto-Oncogene C-Myc (MYC) and a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Alpha (PIK3CA) p.E545K mutation were found in the transformed sample specifically. Strong TP53 staining and negative RB1 staining were observed in both LUAD and SCLC samples, but FISH only identified MYC amplification in SCLC tissue.ConclusionWe consider the combined presence of MYC amplification with mutations in TP53 and RB1 as drivers of SCLC transformation. Our results highlight the need to systematically evaluate TP53 and RB1 status in LUAD patients to offer a different therapeutic strategy

Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data

This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability—for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples

Influence of different axis-translation techniques using ceramic disks/microporous membrane filters on mechanical/hydraulic behavior of unsaturated soil

Element tests, such as water retention tests and triaxial tests, are efficient and widely used methods for investigating the elementary hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soil. In recent research, discrepancies observed in unsaturated test results using axis-translation techniques (ATTs) with ceramic disks and microporous membrane filters (MM filters) have indicated that misunderstandings might be hiding behind the perceived elementary behavior seen in element tests. In this study, triaxial tests with ceramic disks and MM filters were firstly conducted on specimens of unsaturated completely decomposed granite sand, referred to as Masado in Japan, to compare the influence of different techniques on the test results. Then a soil–water-air coupled finite element-finite difference (FE-FD) method, based on a newly proposed unsaturated/saturated constitutive model coupled with a deformation-dependent water retention curve (WRC), was utilized to simulate triaxial tests as boundary value problems (BVPs) because of the non-uniform deformation of the specimens. Drained/vented triaxial tests showed that the stress–strain relation of Masado is basically the same regardless of the applied technique, while the amount of drainage discharge and degree of saturation during the shearing stage are quite different. The calculated average stress–strain relation basically reproduced a tendency similar to that of the tests. It was also shown from the calculation that the ATT with ceramic disks or MM filters significantly influences the distributions of saturation and stress within the specimens during shearing. It should be emphasized that unsaturated triaxial tests with the ATT are basically BVPs instead of so-called element tests