Liquid Oil That Flows in Spaces of Aqueous Foam without Defoaming

A very interesting phenomenon has been observed in which foam formed from an aqueous fatty acid potassium salt solution spontaneously absorbs liquid oil immediately upon contact without defoaming. Although this phenomenon initially appeared to be based on capillary action, it was clarified that the liquid oil that flows in foam film did not wet the air/water interface. In this study, it is discussed why aqueous foam can spontaneously soak up liquid oil without defoaming using equilibrium surface tension, dynamic oil/water interfacial tension, and image analysis techniques. The penetration of oil was attributed both to the dynamic decrease in the surface tension at the oil/water interface and to Laplace pressure, depending on the curvature of the plateau border. Therefore, the foam does not absorb the oil, but the oil spontaneously penetrates the foam. This interesting behavior can be expected to be applied to aqueous detergents for liquid oil removal

Transient hearing deterioration caused by the short-duration violin practice.

<p>A: The audiogram of left ear (left panel) and right ear (right panel) before (blue line) and after (red line) the violin practice. B: The CEOAE spectrum of left ear (left panel) and right ear (right panel) before (blue line) and after (red line) the violin practice. Error bars show the standard errors across listeners. Significance of post-hoc pairwise comparisons is marked as *** <i>p</i><0.001 and * <i>p</i><0.05. The data obtained 60 minutes after the end of the violin practice are shown by gray dashed lines. <b>C</b>: Correlation between CEOAE decrease at 4 kHz and TTS at 4 kHz. Each participant’s data point is represented with participant number.</p

Amount of hearing deterioration reflects exposure level.

<p>Correlation of exposure level at 4 kHz with the elevation of hearing threshold at 4 kHz (A) and with CEOAE decrease at 4 kHz (B). The data for the left and right ears are represented by the dots and crosses, respectively. The numbers attached to the symbols are participant numbers. The Pearson correlation coefficients, R, with their p-values shown in the panels, and the regression lines were derived for the pooled data for both ears.</p

Acoustic characteristics during the violin practice.

<p>A: Typical characteristics of the acoustic exposure during a violin practice for the left ear. B: Comparison between exposure level for the left ear and right ear (* <i>p</i><0.0029, Bonferroni-corrected α).</p

MOCR strength could predict the size of hearing deterioration caused by a violin practice.

<p>Correlation of ipsilateral MOCR strength with the elevation of hearing threshold at 4 kHz (A) and with CEOAE decrease at 4 kHz in the left ear (B). Pearson correlation coefficients are shown with their p-value in parentheses. Regression lines were derived from linear least squares regression. Each participant’s data point is represented with participant number.</p

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Inhibition of emotional needs and emotional wellbeing predict disease progression of chronic hepatitis C patients: an 8-year prospective study

Baseline associations between the FACIT scales and physical factors. (DOCX 16 kb