The strategic advantages of "maritime tourism" in Japan : On the perspective of local development policies and marketing of university

2000000406本稿の目的は2つある。1つは、近年、わが国の国家戦略の1つともいえる「観光立国論」における「海洋観光」の重要性を明らかにすることある。もう1つは、わが国の高等教育・研究機関における観光学テーマとしての「海洋観光」の必要性を議論し、その発展的可能性を考察することにある。わが国の「観光立国」という戦略課題に対応して、観光分野での高度な専門知識を有する人材育成は急務であり、そのための大学教育の充実は、北海等大学大学院における「観光創造専攻」の設置を筆頭に、観光学関連の学部や学科の設立という形で、顕著に見られるようになってきている。しかしながら、大学院レベルは別として、新しい学部や学科では、カリキュラム上も、わが国の地理的、文化的、あるいは経済的背景からしても極めて重要な「海」という要素が観光との関連性において取り扱われる形跡はない。近年、一般的になりつつある大学マーケティングの視点からも、議論する必要があると考えられる。また、わが国は海運、海上交通においても、その歴史的発展過程から明らかなように、技術的水準でも世界のトップに位置している。このような恵まれた海洋資源の活用は、観光経済学の視点からも、これを抜きにしての「観光立国論」は存在しない。departmental bulletin pape

Large N Analysis of TTˉT\bar{T}-deformation and Unavoidable Negative-norm States

We study non-perturbative quantum aspects of $T\bar{T}$-deformation of a free $O(N)$ vector model by employing the large $N$ limit. It is shown that bound states of the original field appear and inevitably become negative-norm states. In particular, the bound states can be regarded as the states of the conformal mode in a gravitational theory, where the Liouville action is induced with the coefficient proportional to the minus of central charge. To make the theory positive-definite, some modification is required so as to preserve diffeomorphism invariance due to the Faddeev-Popov ghosts with a negative central charge.Comment: 1+20 pages, 1 figur

佐藤次高氏を偲ぶ

departmental bulletin pape

Competitive Pressure from Neighboring Markets and Optimal Privatization Policy

We formulate a mixed oligopoly model in which one state-owned public enterprise competes with n private firms in the same market and m private firms in the neighboring market. We investigate how n and m affect the optimal degree of privatization. We find a nonmonotone (monotone) relationship between the optimal degree of privatization and the number of private competitors in the neighboring (same) market. The optimal degree of privatization is increasing in the number of private firms in the same market, and the relationship between the optimal degree of privatization and the number of private competitors in the neighboring market is an inverted U-shape. An increase in m more likely increases the optimal degree of privatization when the degree of product differentiation is low. Our results suggest that more competitive pressure from competitors supplying differentiated products can reduce the optimal degree of privatization

不織布衛生材料における構造と力学的特性との関連に関する研究

取得学位：博士(工学)，学位授与番号：博甲第817号，学位授与年月日：平成18年3月22日,学位授与年：200

Longevity-associated NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit-2 237 Leu/Met Polymorphism Modulates the Effects of Daily Alcohol Drinking on Yearly Changes in Serum Total and LDL Cholesterol in Japanese Men

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit 2 237 leucine/methionine (ND2-237 Leu/Met) polymorphism, is reportedly associated with longevity in the Japanese population. The ND2-237Met genotype may exert resistance to atherogenic diseases, such as myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular disorders. To investigate whether ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism is associated with yearly changes in serum lipid levels, we conducted a longitudinal study of 107 healthy Japanese male subjects. Analysis of covariance revealed that the interaction between the ND2-237 Leu/Met genotypes and habitual drinking was significantly associated with yearly changes in serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels (p0.036 and p0.006, respectively). In multiple regression analysis, daily drinking was significantly and positively associated with yearly changes in serum LDLC levels in men with ND2-237Met (p0.026). After adjusting for covariates, yearly changes in serum LDLC levels were significantly lower in non-daily drinkers with ND2-237Met than in those with ND2-237Leu (p0.047). These results suggest that ND2-237Met has a beneficial impact on yearly changes in serum LDLC in non-daily drinkers but not in daily drinkers.</p

Response of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation and ventilation to increasing carbon dioxide in CCSM3

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 19 (2006): 2382–2397, doi:10.1175/JCLI3757.1.The response of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation to idealized climate forcing of 1% per year compound increase in CO2 is examined in three configurations of the Community Climate System Model version 3 that differ in their component model resolutions. The strength of the Atlantic overturning circulation declines at a rate of 22%–26% of the corresponding control experiment maximum overturning per century in response to the increase in CO2. The mean meridional overturning and its variability on decadal time scales in the control experiments, the rate of decrease in the transient forcing experiments, and the rate of recovery in periods of CO2 stabilization all increase with increasing component model resolution. By examining the changes in ocean surface forcing with increasing CO2 in the framework of the water-mass transformation function, we show that the decline in the overturning is driven by decreasing density of the subpolar North Atlantic due to increasing surface heat fluxes. While there is an intensification of the hydrologic cycle in response to increasing CO2, the net effect of changes in surface freshwater fluxes on those density classes that are involved in deep-water formation is to increase their density; that is, changes in surface freshwater fluxes act to maintain a stronger overturning circulation. The differences in the control experiment overturning strength and the response to increasing CO2 are well predicted by the corresponding differences in the water-mass transformation rate. Reduction of meridional heat transport and enhancement of meridional salt transport from mid- to high latitudes with increasing CO2 also act to strengthen the overturning circulation. Analysis of the trends in an ideal age tracer provides a direct measure of changes in ocean ventilation time scale in response to increasing CO2. In the subpolar North Atlantic south of the Greenland–Scotland ridge system, there is a significant increase in subsurface ages as open-ocean deep convection is diminished and ventilation switches to a predominance of overflow waters. In middle and low latitudes there is a decrease in age within and just below the thermocline in response to a decrease in the upwelling of old deep waters. However, when considering ventilation within isopycnal layers, age increases for layers in and below the thermocline due to the deepening of isopycnals in response to global warming