List of all simulations.

<p>List of all simulations.</p

DOX release profile of the liposome with the formulations.

<p>DPPC:DSPE-PEG:cholesterol = 55∶2∶15 in the presence/absence of SA-V3 (molar ratio∶0.41). The amounts of DOX release were measured after 5 min incubation at desired temperature from 25 to 55°C by fluorometry at Ex. 490 nm/Em. 615 nm. Data is shown as mean ± S.D. (n = 3).</p

Schematic diagram of e-TSL and the chemical structure of ELP-lipid conjugates.

<p>Schematic diagram of e-TSL and the chemical structure of ELP-lipid conjugates.</p

DOX accumulation in the tumor at 1, 6, and 12 hr after i.v. injection combined with preheating.

<p>*, <i>p</i><0.005, #, <i>p</i><0.001, significant difference compared to e-TSL without preheating and free DOX with preheating.</p

Calcein release profile of the liposome with the formulations of varied phospholipid compositions.

<p>Phospholipid (DPPC/DSPC = 100-X/X):DSPE-PEG:cholesterol:SA-V6 = 55∶2∶10∶0.55 (X = 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100). Samples were measured after 5 min incubation at desired temperatures from 25 to 55°C by fluorometry at Ex. 493 nm/Em. 513 nm. Data is shown as mean ± S.D. (n = 3).</p

The protocol of the drug accumulation study with e-TSL-DOX and free DOX, administered under mild hyperthermia.

<p>The protocol of the drug accumulation study with e-TSL-DOX and free DOX, administered under mild hyperthermia.</p

Antitumor efficacy of e-TSL and free DOX in the presence/absence of mild hyperthermia.

<p>e-TSL and free DOX were administered (5 mg DOX/kg) into tumor bearing BALB/c mice 5 min after preheating (30 min of water bath) and followed by mild hyperthermia (42°C, water bath) after 6 hrs. *, <i>p</i><0.05, significant difference compared to free DOX and PBS (control).</p

Snapshots at the (A) beginning (0 ns) and (B) end (2 µs) of the simulation of the bilayer system.

<p>The molar ratio of liposome formulation is DPPC:DSPE-PEG:cholesterol:SA-Vn 55∶2∶15∶0.41. Gray, red, dark-, and light-blue colors respectively represent the lipid-head phosphate, PEG, ELP head (peptide), and tail (carbon chain) groups. For clarity, lipid tail, water, and ion beads are omitted. The images were created with Visual Molecular Dynamics <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103116#pone.0103116-Humphrey1" target="_blank">[29]</a>.</p

Cryo-TEM images with varying amounts of DOX in the liposome.

<p>DPPC:DSPE-PEG:cholesterol:SA-V3 = 55∶2∶15∶0.41, with (A) liposome only, (B) 300 µg DOX/mL and (C) 500 µg DOX/mL.</p

Cryo-TEM images of the liposome at (A) 25°C, (B) 37°C, and (C) 42°C.

<p>Liposomes were composed of the formulation DPPC:DSPE-PEG:cholesterol:SA-V3 = 55∶2∶15∶0.41 and heat-treated for 5 min at indicated temperature in advance and followed by general cryo-TEM measurement.</p