VAT Reform, Regional Ownership Structure, and Industrial Upgrading:Evidence From Firms in Northeast China

We estimate the extent of the moderating effect of varying regional ownership structures on the relationship between the VAT reform and industrial upgrading in a panel differences-in-differences framework, using a natural experiment of the China’s 2004 value-added tax (VAT) reform pilot that introduces a permanent 17%-tax credit for fixed investment in six industries in the North-eastern regions. Results reveal that the VAT reform helps firms increase their capital-to-labor ratio, labor input, and labor productivity, indicating the positive effect of VAT reform on fixed asset renewal and industrial structure upgrading in the region. As for the role of regional ownership structure, the positive effects of the VAT reform on labor input and labor productivity are significantly suppressed in areas with large market shares of state-owned enterprises. In another words, the VAT reform significantly promotes industrial upgrading in areas with market-sensitive economies.</p

Importance of Organizational Tacit Knowledge: Barriers to Knowledge Sharing

This chapter incorporates the relevance of tacit knowledge and highlights some major barriers to knowledge sharing. Knowledge transfer is action through which; information, skills, expertise and experience is exchanged among people in an organization and it is a valuable and tangible asset for creating sustainability, performance and competitive advantage. From what is currently known, knowledge sharing activities occur generally with the support of knowledge systems designed by the board and knowledge managers. It is suggested that technology is one of the tools that support knowledge sharing, though other factors exist, such as organizational culture, trust, leadership and management philosophy, incentives and internal control systems. In this study, the researchers explore possible knowledge sharing opportunities and associated barriers, starting from top management to employees. The main purpose of this chapter is to look at how tacit knowledge affects organizational success. The chapter also covers ways to promote knowledge transfer in order to improve organizational performance and innovation. The discussion elaborated on the significance of tacit knowledge in a way that previous literature does not. It is emphasized that, from a resource-based view, businesses gain competitive advantage when they value and retain their existing tacit knowledge, as explicit knowledge is already known to everyone. According to the study, important variables such as corporate culture, individual employees, technology, and organizational internal factors are potential hurdles that must be examined to minimize the impact on organizational learning

Facts of Innovation in Chinese companies (FIC)

Innovatio

The Value of Industry Studies: Impact of Luigi Orsenigo’s Legacy on the Field of Innovation and Industry Evolution

New solutions in artificial intelligence and machine learning require researchers to study, in greater depth, the nature, and dynamics of emerging industries like biotechnology or pharmaceuticals. With his pioneering work, Luigi Orsenigo has demonstrated, in great detail, how new technologies create technological opportunities, change appropriability conditions, and cumulativeness in these emerging industries. Rooted in the evolutionary economics tradition, this approach is better suited in explaining the patterns of innovation, technological change, and the growth in very dynamic industries. In this context, our article reviews the evidence of Luigi Orsenigo’s contribution to the economics of innovation, to the tradition of history-friendly models, and to the discussion on the sectoral system of innovation. It concludes by pointing at some unresolved questions in these traditions and new fruitful alleys for future researchers

Catching Up in the Face of Technological Discontinuity: Exploring the Role of Demand Structure and Technological Regimes in the Transition from 2G to 3G in China

During technological discontinuity based on the transition from second-generation (2G) to third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications, Chinese manufacturing firms were catching up with leaders in the global industry. Using computer simulation, the paper examines the extent to which heterogeneous demand structures and competitive regimes affect technological catching up. The paper shows that - during technological discontinuity - a slightly higher technological opportunity in combination with low appropriability and heterogeneous demand are vital for technological catching up. The complementary effects of demand within different regimes of Schumpeterian Mark I and Mark II models are discussed

Investigation on electrical tree propagation in polyethylene based on etching method

To investigate the characteristic of electrical tree propagation in semi-crystalline polymers, the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) samples containing electrical trees are cut into slices by using ultramicrotome. Then the slice samples are etched by potassium permanganate etchant. Finally, the crystalline structure and the electrical tree propagation path in samples are observed by polarized light microscopy (PLM). According to the observation, the LDPE spherocrystal structure model is established on the basis of crystallization kinetics and morphology of polymers. And the electrical tree growth process in LDPE is discussed based on the free volume breakdown theory, the molecular chain relaxation theory, the electromechanical force theory, the thermal expansion effect and the space charge shielding effect

The Effect of Government Subsidies on Firm R&D Investment in China: From Perspectives of Ownership and Market Power

This study examines the effects of government innovation subsidies under different combinations of market power (i.e., the relationship between enterprises, upstream suppliers, and downstream customers) and different types of ownership from the perspective of the contemporary marketing microenvironment. Based on the panel data of listed Chinese manufacturing companies from 2009 to 2018, the empirical results show that, in the case of higher buyer power, government subsidies will significantly promote the R&D investment of enterprises and the positive effect is not affected by nature of the enterprise’s ownership. In the case of lower buyer power and seller power, government subsidies significantly promote the R&D investment of nonstate-owned enterprises, but have no effect on state-owned enterprises. The conclusions of the study further verify that, under different combinations of market power, there are significant differences in the effects of innovation subsidies for enterprises with different forms of ownership, and these provide a theoretical point of reference for the government to implement innovation subsidies. This study not only fills the theoretical black box of the relationship between government subsidies and enterprise innovation but also provides relatively new empirical evidence for the related research on innovation subsidies in developing countries