International Joint Conference SOCO’16-CISIS’16-ICEUTE’16

This volume of Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing contains accepted papers presented at SOCO 2016, CISIS 2016 and ICEUTE 2016, all conferences held in the beautiful and historic city of San Sebastián (Spain), in October 2016. Soft computing represents a collection or set of computational techniques in machine learning, computer science and some engineering disciplines, which investigate, simulate, and analyze very complex issues and phenomena. After a through peer-review process, the 11th SOCO 2016 International Program Committee selected 45 papers. In this relevant edition a special emphasis was put on the organization of special sessions. Two special session was organized related to relevant topics as: Optimization, Modeling and Control Systems by Soft Computing and Soft Computing Methods in Manufacturing and Management Systems. The aim of the 9th CISIS 2016 conference is to offer a meeting opportunity for academic and industry-related researchers belonging to the various, vast communities of Computational Intelligence, Information Security, and Data Mining. The need for intelligent, flexible behaviour by large, complex systems, especially in mission-critical domains, is intended to be the catalyst and the aggregation stimulus for the overall event. After a through peer-review process, the CISIS 2016 International Program Committee selected 20 papers. In the case of 7th ICEUTE 2016, the International Program Committee selected 14 papers

Additional file 6: Figure S2. of accD nuclear transfer of Platycodon grandiflorum and the plastid of early Campanulaceae

Phylogenetic trees generated from the DNA sequences of seven cp-genes using three algorithms. (A) single maximum parsimonious (MP) tree, (B) single neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, and (C) single maximum likelihood (ML) tree (HYK85 + G + I model). (PPTX 749 kb

Synthesis of PCDTBT-Based Fluorinated Polymers for High Open-Circuit Voltage in Organic Photovoltaics: Towards an Understanding of Relationships between Polymer Energy Levels Engineering and Ideal Morphology Control

The introduction of fluorine (F) atoms onto conjugated polymer backbone has verified to be an effective way to enhance the overall performance of polymer-based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, but the underlying working principles are not yet fully uncovered. As our attempt to further understand the impact of F, herein we have reported two novel fluorinated analogues of PCDTBT, namely, <b>PCDTFBT</b> (1F) and <b>PCDT2FBT</b> (2F), through inclusion of either one or two F atoms into the benzothiadiazole (BT) unit of the polymer backbone and the characterization of their physical properties, especially their performance in solar cells. Together with a profound effect of fluorination on the optical property, nature of charge transport, and molecular organization, F atoms are effective in lowering both the HOMO and LUMO levels of the polymers without a large change in the energy bandgaps. <b>PCDTFBT</b>-based BHJ solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.96 % with high open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_OC) of 0.95 V, mainly due to the deep HOMO level (−5.54 eV). To the best of our knowledge, the resulting <i>V</i>_OC is comparable to the record <i>V</i>_OC values in single junction devices. Furthermore, to our delight, the best <b>PCDTFBT</b>-based device, prepared using 2 % v/v diphenyl ether (DPE) additive, reaches the PCE of 4.29 %. On the other hand, doubly-fluorinated polymer <b>PCDT2FBT</b> shows the only moderate PCE of 2.07 % with a decrease in <i>V</i>_OC (0.88 V), in spite of the further lowering of the HOMO level (−5.67 eV) with raising the number of F atoms. Thus, our results highlight that an improvement in efficiency by tuning the energy levels of the polymers by means of molecular design can be expected only if their truly optimized morphologies with fullerene in BHJ systems are materialized