c-theorem of the entanglement entropy

We holographically investigate the renormalization group flow in a two-dimensional conformal field theory deformed by a relevant operator. If the relevant operator allows another fixed point, the UV conformal field theory smoothly flows to a new IR conformal field theory. From the holographic point of view, such a renormalization group flow can be realized as a dual geometry interpolating two different AdS boundaries. On this interpolating geometry, we investigate how the c-function of the entanglement entropy behaves along the RG flow analyt- ically and numerically, which reproduces the expected central charges of UV and IR. We also show that the c-function monotonically decreases from UV to IR without any phase transition.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure

Quantum correlation in quark-gluon medium

We study thermodynamics and quantum correlations of the string cloud geometry whose field theory dual is the quark-gluon medium. We found the novel universality of the entanglement entropy first law in the high quark density limit. We also showed that a correlation function generally decreases as the entanglement entropy of the background medium increases due to the screening effect of the background. We study the UV and IR effects of the medium on phase transition behaviour observed in the holographic mutual information using both perturbative and numerical computations. Moreover, by numerical computation, we show that in the IR region the critical length obtained from the mutual information behaves similar to the correlation length of the two-point function.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, reference added, minor change

Are Histrionic Personality Traits Associated with Irritability during Conscious Sedation Endoscopy?

Aim. We aimed to evaluate whether histrionic personality traits are associated with irritability during conscious sedation endoscopy (CSE). Materials and Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study was planned. Irritability during CSE was classified into five grades: 0, no response; I, minimal movement; II, moderate movement; III, severe movement; IV, fighting against procedure. Patients in grades III and IV were defined as the irritable group. Participants were required to complete questionnaire sheet assessing the extent of histrionic personality traits, extraversion-introversion, and current psychological status. The present authors also collected basic sociodemographic data including alcohol use history. Results. A total of 32 irritable patients and 32 stable patients were analyzed. The histrionic personality trait score of the irritable group was higher than that of the stable group (9.5 ± 3.1 versus 6.9 ± 2.9; P = 0.001), as was the anxiety score (52.8 ± 8.6 versus 46.1 ± 9.6; P = 0.004). Heavy alcohol use was more frequently observed in the irritable group (65.6% versus 28.1%; P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, all these three factors were independently correlated with irritability during CSE. Conclusion. This study revealed that histrionic personality traits, anxiety, and heavy alcohol use can affect irritability during CSE

Holographic Entanglement Entropy with Momentum Relaxation

We studied the holographic entanglement entropy for a strip and sharp wedge entangling regions in momentum relaxation systems. In the case of strips, we found analytic and numerical results for the entanglement entropy and showed the effect on the minimal surface by the electric field. We also studied the entanglement entropy of wedges and confirmed that there is a linear change in the electric field. This change is proportional to the thermoelectric conductivity, $\bar\alpha$, that can be measured.Comment: 22 pages and 15 figures, enlarged version with clarifications, references adde

Effect of accumulated vs continuous exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Background: A continuous aerobic exercise program is an effective method of improving calorie consumption on the metabolism of skeletal muscle. However, studies report that accumulated exercise of 30 minutes divided into three sessions of 10 minutes is as effective as one continuous exercise session for 30 minutes. As yet, no study has compared the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption associated with accumulated exercise and continuous exercise over these timeframes. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to compare the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption associated with performing continuous exercise for 30 minutes and three sessions of accumulated exercise for 10 minutes at the same intensity of 60% VO2max. Method: Posters about the study were posted on the February 2019 Konkuk university homepage and bulletin board, and a total of 34 college students (males, n=18; females, n=16) volunteered to participate. Using a balanced repeated-measures crossover design, the subjects randomly took two exercises: continuous exercise (1 x 30 minutes) or accumulated exercise (3 x 10 minutes), and the washout period between the two exercises was a week. All exercises were performed using an ergometer at 60% maximal oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption and heart rate were monitored and measured during exercise and after exercise. Lipid profile and lactate acid were measured at rest, exercise end, exercise end plus 30 minutes, and exercise end plus 60 minutes. IBM SPSS Statistics 23 was used to perform a paired t-test, and the statistically significant difference was set at <.05. Results: Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption parameters (e.g., total oxygen consumption, total calorie, and summation of heart rate) were higher in accumulated exercise than in continuous exercise (p<.05). No significant difference in the calorie during exercise between CEx and AEx (p = .140). No significant difference was observed in the lipid profile between accumulated exercise and continuous exercise (p>.05). No significant differences were observed at rest, exercise end plus 30 minutes, exercise end plus 60 minutes in lactic acid in the blood (p <.05). However, at exercise end, it was significantly higher in the accumulated exercise (p<.01). Conclusions: This study confirmed that after equalizing energy expenditure for continuous exercise and accumulated exercise in participants in their 20s, accumulated exercise results in higher excess post-exercise oxygen consumption than continuous exercise. The data suggests that accumulated exercise may be more effective in reducing body fat than continuous exercise for a given amount of energy expenditure. [Ethiop.J. Health Dev. 2020;34(Special issue-3):84-90] Keywords: Continuous exercise, accumulated exercise, excess post-exercise oxygen consumptio

End of the World Perspective to BCFT

In this work, we study the end-of-the-world (EOW) branes anchored to the boundaries of BCFT${}_2$ dual to the BTZ black hole. First, we explore the thermodynamics of the boundary system consisting of the conformal boundary and two EOW branes. This thermodynamics is extended by the tension appearing as the effective cosmological constant of JT black holes on the EOW branes. The tension contribution is identified with the shadow entropy equivalent to the boundary entropy of the BCFT${}_2$. The thermodynamics of the JT black holes and the bulk of BCFT${}_2$ can be combined into a novel grafted thermodynamics based on the first law. Second, we focus on the observer's view of the EOW branes by lowering the temperature. We show that the EOW branes generate a scale called ``reefs" inside the horizon. This scale also appears in the grafted thermodynamics. At high temperatures, observers on the EOW branes see their respective event horizons. The reef starts to grow relatively to the horizon size at the temperature, $T_{grow}$. As the temperature cools down the reef area fills the entire interior of the JT black holes at the temperature $T_{out}$. Then, the observers recognize their horizons disappear and see the large density of the energy flux. At this temperature, the two JT regions become causally connected. This connected spacetime has two asymptotic $AdS_2$ boundaries with a conformal matter. Also, we comment on the grafted thermodynamics to higher dimensions in Appendix B.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure

Physiological responses of two halophytic grass species under drought stress environment

The physiological responses of two halophytic grass species, Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Staph. and Cenchrus ciliaris (L.), under drought stress were evaluated. Biomass accumulation, relative water content, free proline, H2O2 content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic performance and quantum yield (Fv/Fm ratio) were studied. Under drought conditions, these halophytic plants expressed differential responses to water defi cit. Stomatal conductance and free proline content were higher in H. mucronatum than in C. ciliaris, while H2O2 content in H. mucronatum was substantially lower than in C. ciliaris. Performance index showed considerable sensitivity to a water deficit condition, more so in C. ciliaris than in H. mucronatum. Results were discussed in relation to comparative physiological performance and antioxidant enzymes activity of both halophytic grasses under drought stress