25 research outputs found
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Cu 2 O Photocathode with Faster Charge Transfer by Fully Reacted Cu Seed Layer to Enhance Performance of Hydrogen Evolution in Solar Water Splitting Applications
FDG-PET for evaluating the antitumor effect of intraarterial 3-bromopyruvate administration in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model
OBJECTIVE: We wanted to investigate the feasibility of using FDG-PET for evaluating the antitumor effect of intraarterial administration of a hexokinase II inhibitor, 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VX2 carcinoma was grown in the livers of ten rabbits. Two weeks later, liver CT was performed to confirm appropriate tumor growth for the experiment. After tumor volume-matched grouping of the rabbits, transcatheter intraarterial administration of 3-BrPA was performed (1 mM and 5 mM in five animals each, respectively). FDG-PET scan was performed the day before, immediately after and a week after 3-BrPA administration. FDG uptake was semiquantified by measuring the standardized uptake value (SUV). A week after treatment, the experimental animals were sacrificed and the necrosis rates of the tumors were calculated based on the histopathology. RESULTS: The SUV of the VX2 tumors before treatment (3.87+/-1.51 [mean+/-SD]) was significantly higher than that of nontumorous liver parenchyma (1.72+/-0.34) (p < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney U test). The SUV was significantly decreased immediately after 3-BrPA administration (2.05+/-1.21) (p = 0.002, Wilcoxon signed rank test). On the one-week follow up PET scan, the FDG uptake remained significantly lower (SUV 1.41+/-0.73) than that before treatment (p = 0.002), although three out of ten animals showed a slightly increasing tendency for the FDG uptake. The tumor necrosis rate ranged from 50.00% to 99.90% (85.48%+/-15.87). There was no significant correlation between the SUV or the SUV decrease rate and the tumor necrosis rate in that range. CONCLUSION: Even though FDG-PET cannot exactly reflect the tumor necrosis rate, FDG-PET is a useful modality for the early assessment of the antitumor effect of intraarterial administration of 3-BrPA in VX2 liver tumor
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Engineering Metal-Oxide Photoelectrode: Synthesis and Application for Renewable Energy Devices
The synthesis and characterization of metal-oxide photoelectrodes used for various devices that produce a renewable energy source is studied and discussed in this dissertation. Due to the various applications of nanoscale metal-oxide materials there is a variety of characterization and synthesis methods. This work controls the morphology, layer stack, and composition of metal-oxide by adjusting synthesis parameters and methods. Chapter 2 discusses the synthesis of a ZnO-CuO structure which incorporates a ZnO nanorod core within a CuO thin film shell to use as a photocathode. A desirable diameter and length of the ZnO core is achieved by adjusting the synthesis parameters such as the ratio of oxygen to nitrogen gas, temperature, and the flow rate of gas. Continuing onto Chapter 3, the fabrication process of dye-sensitized solar cells which utilize the synthesized ZnO-CuO core-shell as a photoelectrode is discussed. The effects on the stability and performance of the CuO shell on the ZnO core implemented in the dye-sensitized solar cells is then investigated. The CuO shell on the ZnO core successfully prevents the dissolution of Zn atoms during the dye absorption reaction on the surface of the photoelectrode. In Chapter 4, the effects of a Cu interlayer between Cu2O photocathode and a transparent conductive film is studied for the use in the photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction. The physical deposition process and chemical reaction are used to study the formation of a desirable structure within the thin film stack. This method successfully fabricates a Cu2O layer that intentionally removes the Cu interlayer or prevents the formation of a Cu interlayer with varying thickness. The intercalated Cu layer between Cu2O and transparent conductive film prevents charge separation and accelerates its recombination during the photoelectrochemical reaction. Chapter 5 discusses the introduction of a doping method into the CuO crystal lattice structure. CuO is synthesized onto a transparent conductive film through electrodeposition. Zn doped-CuO is synthesized by adding a Zn dopant precursor into the electrodeposition solution. The electrodeposition process is optimized by controlling the applied potential, dopant concentration, temperature, and reaction time
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Engineering Metal-Oxide Photoelectrode: Synthesis and Application for Renewable Energy Devices
The synthesis and characterization of metal-oxide photoelectrodes used for various devices that produce a renewable energy source is studied and discussed in this dissertation. Due to the various applications of nanoscale metal-oxide materials there is a variety of characterization and synthesis methods. This work controls the morphology, layer stack, and composition of metal-oxide by adjusting synthesis parameters and methods. Chapter 2 discusses the synthesis of a ZnO-CuO structure which incorporates a ZnO nanorod core within a CuO thin film shell to use as a photocathode. A desirable diameter and length of the ZnO core is achieved by adjusting the synthesis parameters such as the ratio of oxygen to nitrogen gas, temperature, and the flow rate of gas. Continuing onto Chapter 3, the fabrication process of dye-sensitized solar cells which utilize the synthesized ZnO-CuO core-shell as a photoelectrode is discussed. The effects on the stability and performance of the CuO shell on the ZnO core implemented in the dye-sensitized solar cells is then investigated. The CuO shell on the ZnO core successfully prevents the dissolution of Zn atoms during the dye absorption reaction on the surface of the photoelectrode. In Chapter 4, the effects of a Cu interlayer between Cu2O photocathode and a transparent conductive film is studied for the use in the photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction. The physical deposition process and chemical reaction are used to study the formation of a desirable structure within the thin film stack. This method successfully fabricates a Cu2O layer that intentionally removes the Cu interlayer or prevents the formation of a Cu interlayer with varying thickness. The intercalated Cu layer between Cu2O and transparent conductive film prevents charge separation and accelerates its recombination during the photoelectrochemical reaction. Chapter 5 discusses the introduction of a doping method into the CuO crystal lattice structure. CuO is synthesized onto a transparent conductive film through electrodeposition. Zn doped-CuO is synthesized by adding a Zn dopant precursor into the electrodeposition solution. The electrodeposition process is optimized by controlling the applied potential, dopant concentration, temperature, and reaction time
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Effects of ionic liquid to water ratio as a composite medium for the synthesis of LiFePO4for battery
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Overcharge Self-Regulated Li-ion Battery Based on LiFePO4 via a Solid State Combined Cathode
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Effects of ionic liquid to water ratio as a composite medium for the synthesis of LiFePO4for battery
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ZnO-CuO core-shell heterostructure for improving the efficiency of ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells
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