171 research outputs found
K-pop Lyric Translation: Dataset, Analysis, and Neural-Modelling
Lyric translation, a field studied for over a century, is now attracting
computational linguistics researchers. We identified two limitations in
previous studies. Firstly, lyric translation studies have predominantly focused
on Western genres and languages, with no previous study centering on K-pop
despite its popularity. Second, the field of lyric translation suffers from a
lack of publicly available datasets; to the best of our knowledge, no such
dataset exists. To broaden the scope of genres and languages in lyric
translation studies, we introduce a novel singable lyric translation dataset,
approximately 89\% of which consists of K-pop song lyrics. This dataset aligns
Korean and English lyrics line-by-line and section-by-section. We leveraged
this dataset to unveil unique characteristics of K-pop lyric translation,
distinguishing it from other extensively studied genres, and to construct a
neural lyric translation model, thereby underscoring the importance of a
dedicated dataset for singable lyric translations
CiFHER: A Chiplet-Based FHE Accelerator with a Resizable Structure
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is in the spotlight as a definitive
solution for privacy, but the high computational overhead of FHE poses a
challenge to its practical adoption. Although prior studies have attempted to
design ASIC accelerators to mitigate the overhead, their designs require
excessive amounts of chip resources (e.g., areas) to contain and process
massive data for FHE operations.
We propose CiFHER, a chiplet-based FHE accelerator with a resizable
structure, to tackle the challenge with a cost-effective multi-chip module
(MCM) design. First, we devise a flexible architecture of a chiplet core whose
configuration can be adjusted to conform to the global organization of chiplets
and design constraints. The distinctive feature of our core is a recomposable
functional unit providing varying computational throughput for number-theoretic
transform (NTT), the most dominant function in FHE. Then, we establish
generalized data mapping methodologies to minimize the network overhead when
organizing the chips into the MCM package in a tiled manner, which becomes a
significant bottleneck due to the technology constraints of MCMs. Also, we
analyze the effectiveness of various algorithms, including a novel limb
duplication algorithm, on the MCM architecture. A detailed evaluation shows
that a CiFHER package composed of 4 to 64 compact chiplets provides performance
comparable to state-of-the-art monolithic ASIC FHE accelerators with
significantly lower package-wide power consumption while reducing the area of a
single core to as small as 4.28mm.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Toward Practical Privacy-Preserving Convolutional Neural Networks Exploiting Fully Homomorphic Encryption
Incorporating fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) into the inference process
of a convolutional neural network (CNN) draws enormous attention as a viable
approach for achieving private inference (PI). FHE allows delegating the entire
computation process to the server while ensuring the confidentiality of
sensitive client-side data. However, practical FHE implementation of a CNN
faces significant hurdles, primarily due to FHE's substantial computational and
memory overhead. To address these challenges, we propose a set of
optimizations, which includes GPU/ASIC acceleration, an efficient activation
function, and an optimized packing scheme. We evaluate our method using the
ResNet models on the CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets, achieving several orders
of magnitude improvement compared to prior work and reducing the latency of the
encrypted CNN inference to 1.4 seconds on an NVIDIA A100 GPU. We also show that
the latency drops to a mere 0.03 seconds with a custom hardware design.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, appears at DISCC 2023 (2nd Workshop on Data
Integrity and Secure Cloud Computing, in conjunction with the 56th
International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO 2023)
Chaos-assisted Turbulence in Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates
We present a turbulence-sustaining mechanism in a spinor Bose-Einstein
condensate, which is based on the chaotic nature of internal spin dynamics.
Magnetic driving induces a complete chaotic evolution of the local spin state,
thereby continuously randomizing the spin texture of the condensate to maintain
the turbulent state. We experimentally demonstrate the onset of turbulence in
the driven condensate as the driving frequency changes and show that it is
consistent with the regular-to-chaotic transition of the local spin dynamics.
This chaos-assisted turbulence establishes the spin-driven spinor condensate as
an intriguing platform for exploring quantum chaos and related superfluid
turbulence phenomena.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
HyPHEN: A Hybrid Packing Method and Optimizations for Homomorphic Encryption-Based Neural Networks
Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference using fully homomorphic
encryption (FHE) is a promising private inference (PI) solution due to the
capability of FHE that enables offloading the whole computation process to the
server while protecting the privacy of sensitive user data. Prior FHE-based CNN
(HCNN) work has demonstrated the feasibility of constructing deep neural
network architectures such as ResNet using FHE. Despite these advancements,
HCNN still faces significant challenges in practicality due to the high
computational and memory overhead. To overcome these limitations, we present
HyPHEN, a deep HCNN construction that incorporates novel convolution algorithms
(RAConv and CAConv), data packing methods (2D gap packing and PRCR scheme), and
optimization techniques tailored to HCNN construction. Such enhancements enable
HyPHEN to substantially reduce the memory footprint and the number of expensive
homomorphic operations, such as ciphertext rotation and bootstrapping. As a
result, HyPHEN brings the latency of HCNN CIFAR-10 inference down to a
practical level at 1.4 seconds (ResNet-20) and demonstrates HCNN ImageNet
inference for the first time at 14.7 seconds (ResNet-18).Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure
Reflective Filters Design for Self-Filtering Narrowband Ultraviolet Imaging Experiment Wide-Field Surveys (NUVIEWS) Project
We report the design of multilayer reflective filters for the self-filtering cameras of the NUVIEWS project. Wide angle self-filtering cameras were designed to image the C IV (154.9 nm) line emission, and H2 Lyman band fluorescence (centered at 161 nm) over a 20 deg x 30 deg field of view. A key element of the filter design includes the development of pi-multilayers optimized to provide maximum reflectance at 154.9 nm and 161 nm for the respective cameras without significant spectral sensitivity to the large cone angle of the incident radiation. We applied self-filtering concepts to design NUVIEWS telescope filters that are composed of three reflective mirrors and one folding mirror. The filters with narrowband widths of 6 and 8 rim at 154.9 and 161 nm, respectively, have net throughputs of more than 50 % with average blocking of out-of-band wavelengths better than 3 x 10(exp -4)%
NeuJeans: Private Neural Network Inference with Joint Optimization of Convolution and Bootstrapping
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a promising cryptographic primitive for
realizing private neural network inference (PI) services by allowing a client
to fully offload the inference task to a cloud server while keeping the client
data oblivious to the server. This work proposes NeuJeans, an FHE-based
solution for the PI of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). NeuJeans
tackles the critical problem of the enormous computational cost for the FHE
evaluation of convolutional layers (conv2d), mainly due to the high cost of
data reordering and bootstrapping. We first propose an encoding method
introducing nested structures inside encoded vectors for FHE, which enables us
to develop efficient conv2d algorithms with reduced data reordering costs.
However, the new encoding method also introduces additional computations for
conversion between encoding methods, which could negate its advantages. We
discover that fusing conv2d with bootstrapping eliminates such computations
while reducing the cost of bootstrapping. Then, we devise optimized execution
flows for various types of conv2d and apply them to end-to-end implementation
of CNNs. NeuJeans accelerates the performance of conv2d by up to 5.68 times
compared to state-of-the-art FHE-based PI work and performs the PI of a CNN at
the scale of ImageNet (ResNet18) within a mere few secondsComment: 16 pages, 9 figure
The impact of geopolitical risk on stock returns: Evidence from inter-Korea geopolitics
We investigate how corporate stock returns respond to geopolitical risk in the case of South Korea, which has experienced large and unpredictable geopolitical swings that originate from North Korea. To do so, a monthly index of geopolitical risk from North Korea (the GPRNK index) is constructed using automated keyword searches in South Korean media. The GPRNK index, designed to capture both upside and downside risk, corroborates that geopolitical risk sharply increases with the occurrence of nuclear tests, missile launches, or military confrontations, and decreases significantly around the times of summit meetings or multilateral talks. Using firm-level data, we find that heightened geopolitical risk reduces stock returns, and that the reductions in stock returns are greater especially for large firms, firms with a higher share of domestic investors, and for firms with a higher ratio of fixed assets to total assets. These results suggest that international portfolio diversification and investment irreversibility are important channels through which geopolitical risk affects stock returns
Multilayer Thin Film Polarizer Design for Far Ultraviolet using Induced Transmission and Absorption Technique
Good theoretical designs of far ultraviolet polarizers have been reported using a MgF2/Al/MgF2 three layer structure on a thick Al layer as a substrate. The thicknesses were determined to induce transmission and absorption of p-polarized light. In these designs Al optical constants were used from films produced in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV: 10(exp -10) torr). Reflectance values for polarizers fabricated in a conventional high vacuum (p approx. 10(exp -6 torr)) using the UHV design parameters differed dramatically from the design predictions. Al is a highly reactive material and is oxidized even in a high vacuum chamber. In order to solve the problem other metals have been studied. It is found that a larger reflectance difference is closely related to higher amplitude and larger phase difference of Fresnel reflection coefficients between two polarizations at the boundary of MgF2/metal. It is also found that for one material a larger angle of incidence from the surface normal brings larger amplitude and phase difference. Be and Mo are found good materials to replace Al. Polarizers designed for 121.6 nm with Be at 60 deg and with Mo at 70 deg are shown as examples
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