Production of Reducing Sugars from Laminaria japonica by Subcritical Water Hydrolysis

AbstractThis study was to investigate the production of reducing sugars in hydrolysates from raw and deoiled Laminaria japonica produced by subcritical water hydrolysis. Deoiled Laminaria japonica was collected by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) extraction process. Experiments were performed in a batch-type reactor with stirring. It investigated that the effects of reaction temperature and acetic acid as catalyst on content of reducing sugar production. The addition of acetic acid led to an increase in content of reducing sugar. But Removal of oil in Laminaria japonica by SCO2 and increasing of temperature led to decrease in content of reducing sugar production. The highest content of reducing sugar was 814.10mg/100g raw dried sample at 200°C, adding of 1% acetic acid as catalyst

Comparison of supercritical and near-critical carbon dioxide extraction of carotenoid enriched wheat bran oil

Supercritical and near-critical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction were carried out to extract oil from wheat bran. The extraction temperatures for supercritical and near-critical CO2 were 35 - 45°C and 25 - 30°C, respectively. The applied pressure was ranging from 10 to 30 MPa for both supercritical and near-critical CO2 extraction. The extraction was performed in a semi batch process with a CO2 flow rate of 26.81 g/min for 1.5 h. The oil obtained from wheat bran at different extraction conditions was quantitatively measured to  investigate the solubility of oil at supercritical and near-critical CO2. The highest solubility was found at near-critical condition. The fatty acid compositions of wheat bran oil were measured by gas chromatography (GC). Linoleic, palmitic, oleic and γ-linolenic acid were the major fatty acids of wheat bran oil. Total carotenoid was measured spectrophotometerically. Highest yield of total carotenoid was found at 45°C and 30 MPa.Key words: Supercritical and near-critical carbon dioxide, wheat bran oil, total carotenoid

Isolated Double-Chambered Right Ventricle in a Young Adult

Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is a rare congenital heart disorder in which the right ventricle is divided by an anomalous muscle bundle into a high pressure inlet portion and a low pressure outlet portion. We report a case of isolated DCRV without symptoms in adulthood, diagnosed through echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

The Effect of an Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection for Acute Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the visual outcome of an intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA) as a treatment for a patient with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). A 65-year-old male patient with severe visual loss due to acute NAION was treated with 4 mg/0.1mL IVTA. Fundus examination and measurements of the patient's best-corrected visual acuity and visual field were performed before and after the injection at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The best-corrected visual acuity changed from 0.05 before the injection to 0.16 at 2 weeks, 0.3 at 1 month, and 0.4 at 3 months and at the final visit. Optic disc swelling had markedly decreased at 1 week postoperatively and disappeared at 2 weeks after the injection. The clinical course of this patient suggests that an IVTA may be effective in increasing visual acuity following an acute NAION. A large randomized controlled trial is needed to assess the efficacy of IVTA as a treatment for NAION

Selective arterial embolization of renal angiomyolipoma: comparing ethanol–lipiodol emulsion and polyvinyl alcohol particles as embolic agents

PURPOSETo examine the effectiveness and safety of two embolic agents, an ethanol–lipiodol emulsion and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles, for selective arterial embolization (SAE) of renal angiomyolipoma (AML).METHODSRetrospectively, we reviewed the medical records and imaging data of renal AML patients who received SAE in our hospitals between July 2007 and January 2018. Among those eligible for analysis were patients with complete medical information, preoperative and postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans, and follow-up data. An ethanol–lipiodol emulsion was used to embolize 15 AMLs, and PVA particles were used to embolize 16 AMLs. We compared the tumor responses and adverse events between the two embolization-agent groups.RESULTSAfter embolization, no significant differences were observed in the shrinkage rates: 34.2% ± 3.4% for the ethanol–lipiodol emulsion group and 26.3% ± 3.0% for the PVA particles group (P = 0.090). Minor post-embolization complications were also similar between the groups, and there were no severe adverse events. The length of hospital stay after SAE was 2.5 ± 0.5 days for the ethanol–lipiodol emulsion group and 1.9 ± 0.5 days for the PVA particles group and was not significantly different (P = 0.425).CONCLUSIONThe results showed that SAE with ethanol–lipiodol emulsion or PVA particles was safe and efficient in decreasing tumor size and controlling renal AML hemorrhage

Auxin-dependent control of a plasmodesmal regulator creates a negative feedback loop modulating lateral root emergence

© 2020, The Author(s). Lateral roots originate from initial cells deep within the main root and must emerge through several overlying layers. Lateral root emergence requires the outgrowth of the new primordium (LRP) to coincide with the timely separation of overlying root cells, a developmental program coordinated by the hormone auxin. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, auxin controls the spatiotemporal expression of the plasmodesmal regulator PDLP5 in cells overlying LRP, creating a negative feedback loop. PDLP5, which functions to restrict the cell-to-cell movement of signals via plasmodesmata, is induced by auxin in cells overlying LRP in a progressive manner. PDLP5 localizes to plasmodesmata in these cells and negatively impacts organ emergence as well as overall root branching. We present a model, incorporating the spatiotemporal expression of PDLP5 in LRP-overlying cells into known auxin-regulated LRP-overlying cell separation pathways, and speculate how PDLP5 may function to negatively regulate the lateral root emergence process

Flora of Vascular Plants in Ridgelines in the Palgongsa Procincial Park, Korea

AbstractWe investigated and analyzed the flora of vascular plants around ridgelines in the Palgongsan Provincial Park to suggest fundamental data for establishing preservation plans of them. The flora of vascular plants around ridgelines was a total of 587 taxa including 102 familiies, 314 genera, 518 species, 58 varieties, 7 forma, and 4 subspecies. Rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 27 taxa including Semiquilegia mandshurica and Aristolochia manshuriensis. Endemic plants were 15 taxa including Clematis trichotoma and Carex okamotoi. Floristic special plants were a total of 100 taxa including all five classes. Naturalized plants were 13 taxa including Phytolacca Americana, ambrosia, and Taraxacum officinale