Alleviation of carbon catabolite repression in Enterobacter aerogenes for efficient utilization of sugarcane molasses for 2,3-butanediol production

Table S3. Comparison of fed-batch fermentation with EMY-01, EMY-68, EMY-70S, and EMY-70SP using sugarcane molasses

Does Firm Volatility Affect Managerial Influence

The aim of this paper is to develop and test a new theory that firm volatility can affect managerial output. Theoretical underpinnings for the hypothesis are developed and drawn from the existent literature. This hypothesis is then tested with data from 3,296 companies listed on the Korea Stock Exchange (KSE) from 1999 through 2008. The theory and the empirical results in this paper suggest that the effect of managers on firm performance differs with the degree of firm volatility. We find that a higher ratio of directors from top-ranking academic institutions leads to an increase in market value when firms suffer high volatility. Moreover, these results suggest that the interaction between executive characteristics and firm volatility has important consequences for firm performance. The findings expand our view of firm volatility to previous studies. Keywords Volatility, Managerial Influence, Firm performanc

Nevus-Like Appearance of Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus

The primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a rare malignant disease, accounting for only 0.1–0.2% of all esophageal neoplasms, and the majority of the patients are diagnosed at advanced stages with poor prognosis. We present here a case of 56-year-old woman with epigastric pain and her endoscopic finding revealed several flat and black pigmented mucosal lesions within the distal portion of the esophagus which looked like flat nevus. The histopathology and immunohistochemical profile of the tissue specimens were diagnostic of malignant melanoma

Numerical Modelling for Effect of Water Curtain in Mitigating Toxic Gas Release

PresentationAs the chemical industry has developed, the use of toxic substances has increased, and leakage accidents have increased. Among various substances, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and ammonia (NH3) are representative materials for the study since both are hazardous and important in the chemical industry. HF is a strong, pervious substance that is a stimulates on the body, respiratory system, and skin. HF is widely used in electronics manufacturing as a polisher and disinfectant. Since an HF release accident occurred in Gumi, S. Korea (2012) the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) has emphasized that special attention and management is needed with respect to this toxic substance. NH3 is widely used in the semiconductor industry and chemical processes. There have been about 20 large accidents regarding NH3 around the world in last 10 years. In this study, ANSYS Fluent, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program, was used to identify the effect of a water curtain as a mitigation system for toxic substances that are leaked from industrial facilities. Simulations were conducted to analyze how effectively a water curtain mitigated the dispersion of toxic substances. To verify the accuracy of the simulation, Goldfish experiment and INERIS Ammonia dispersion experiment were simulated and compared. Various water curtains were applied to the simulated field experiment to confirm the mitigation factors of toxic substances. The results show that the simulations and experiments are consistent and that the dispersion of toxic substances can be mitigated by water curtains

Determinants Of Enforcement Action By The Financial Supervisory Service Of Korea From The Perspective Of Audit Firms

In this study, we examine the determinants of enforcement action by the Financial Supervisory Service of Korea from the perspective of audit firms. Enforcement action is an indication of audit failure. Both client- and audit firm-specific factors are involved in its occurrence. Most published studies of enforcement after audit failure focus on client characteristics because details about audit firms from financial statements and information about organizational structure are not publicly available. However, examining the issues surrounding enforcement from the perspective of audit firms may also be valuable in elucidating the potential determinants of audit failure resulting in enforcement action. Utilizing publicly available data from audit firms in South Korea, we identify several audit firm characteristics as determinants of enforcement action. The results of our empirical analysis reveal that the likelihood of audit failure is positively associated with the ratio of accounts receivable to total assets, the ratio of audit fees to total revenue, the ratio of partners to the total number of CPAs, CEO ownership, and age of audit firms. In addition, the likelihood of audit failure is negatively associated with ownership concentration and profitability. These associations are more pronounced in non-affiliated audit firms than affiliated audit firms. Several useful implications for regulators are described for improving audit quality by means of enforcement action

Simplified Analytical Method for Optimized Initial Shape Analysis of Self-Anchored Suspension Bridges and Its Verification

A simplified analytical method providing accurate unstrained lengths of all structural elements is proposed to find the optimized initial state of self-anchored suspension bridges under dead loads. For this, equilibrium equations of the main girder and the main cable system are derived and solved by evaluating the self-weights of cable members using unstrained cable lengths and iteratively updating both the horizontal tension component and the vertical profile of the main cable. Furthermore, to demonstrate the validity of the simplified analytical method, the unstrained element length method (ULM) is applied to suspension bridge models based on the unstressed lengths of both cable and frame members calculated from the analytical method. Through numerical examples, it is demonstrated that the proposed analytical method can indeed provide an optimized initial solution by showing that both the simplified method and the nonlinear FE procedure lead to practically identical initial configurations with only localized small bending moment distributions