Data_Sheet_1_The single and mixed impacts of cadmium, cobalt, lead, and PAHs on systemic immunity inflammation index in male and female.docx

BackgroundStudies on the association between mixed exposure to common pollutants such as cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), a novel hemocyte-based inflammatory marker, have not been reported. This study explored the relationship between co-exposure to Cd, Co, Pb, PAHs, and SII.MethodsIn this study, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and enrolled adults with complete information on Cd, Co, Pb, PAHs, and SII. The linear regression was used to analyze the association of single pollutants with SII. Furthermore, a Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression analysis and a generalized weighted quantile sum regression analysis were used to analyze the association between mixed exposure to Cd, Co, Pb, and six PAHs and SII. We also separated males and females and analyzed the different effects of pollutants on SII, respectively.Results5,176 participants were included in the study. After adjusting for age, gender, race, education, smoking, drinking, physical activity, and sedentary, Cd, Co, 1-OHN, 2-OHN and 2-OHF were positive with SII in the total population. Compared with the 50th percentile, the joint effect of pollutants on SII was positive. In the total population, males, and females, the top contaminant with the highest effect weights on SII were Co, Cd, and 1-OHN, respectively. The result of interaction analysis showed that the low concentrations of Cd had an elevation effect on SII in males.ConclusionThis study found a positive association of mixed exposure to Cd, Co, Pb, and six PAHs with SII, which occurred mainly in females.</p

Soil carbon content under different wheat straw incorporation treatments in 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers from 2008 to 2011.

<p>Note: CK, no straw incorporation; L, incorporation of straw at a low rate of 3 000 kg hm^-2 wheat straw; M, incorporation of straw at a medium rate of 6 000 kg hm^-2 wheat straw; H, incorporation of straw at a high rate of 9 000 kg hm^-2 wheat straw.</p><p>¹ Means ± standard deviations</p><p>² Values within a column for the same year followed by different letters are significantly different (<i>P</i><0.05)</p><p>Soil carbon content under different wheat straw incorporation treatments in 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers from 2008 to 2011.</p

The changes of Invertase activities in 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers under different wheat straw incorporation treatments.

<p>Note: CK, no straw incorporation; L, incorporation of straw at a low rate of 3 000 kg hm^-2 wheat straw; M, incorporation of straw at a medium rate of 6 000 kg hm^-2 wheat straw; H, incorporation of straw at a high rate of 9 000 kg hm^-2 wheat straw. Bars with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

The changes of Phosphatase activities in 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers under different wheat straw incorporation treatments.

<p>Note: CK, no straw incorporation; L, incorporation of straw at a low rate of 3 000 kg hm^-2 wheat straw; M, incorporation of straw at a medium rate of 6 000 kg hm^-2 wheat straw; H, incorporation of straw at a high rate of 9 000 kg hm^-2 wheat straw. Bars with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05).</p