The Relationship Of Attitudes Toward Mathematics And Mathematics Self-Efficacy With Mathematics Achievement Of Grade 10 Students At A Len Bum IDPs High School In Kachin State, Myanmar

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of attitudes toward mathematics, mathematics self-efficacy, mathematics achievement of Grade 10 students at A Len Bum IDPs High School in Kachin State, Myanmar and the relationship among them. The study focused on 200 of Grade 10 students who enrolled in A Len Bum IDPs High School in the academic year 2018-2019. Attitudes toward mathematics questionnaire (ATMQ) and sources of mathematics self-efficacy scale (SMSES) were used as the research tools in this study. For mathematics achievement, mathematics scores from the national test in the academic year 2017-2018 (previous year) of Grade 10 students were considered to determine the level of mathematics achievement in this study. The data obtained by the ATMQ and SMSES was analyzed by descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and by inferential statistics, multiple correlation coefficient. The findings of this study were the level of attitudes toward mathematics of Grade 10 students was high, the level of mathematics self-efficacy of Grade 10 students was moderate, and the level of mathematics achievement of Grade 10 students was moderate as well

Anthropogenic interferences lead to gut microbiome dysbiosis in Asian elephants and may alter adaptation processes to surrounding environments

Human activities interfere with wild animals and lead to the loss of many animal populations. Therefore, efforts have been made to understand how wildlife can rebound from anthropogenic disturbances. An essential mechanism to adapt to environmental and social changes is the fluctuations in the host gut microbiome. Here we give a comprehensive description of anthropogenically induced microbiome alterations in Asian elephants (n = 30). We detected gut microbial changes due to overseas translocation, captivity and deworming. We found that microbes belonging to Planococcaceae had the highest contribution in the microbiome alterations after translocation, while Clostridiaceae, Spirochaetaceae and Bacteroidia were the most affected after captivity. However, deworming significantly changed the abundance of Flavobacteriaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Weeksellaceae and Burkholderiaceae. These findings may provide fundamental ideas to help guide the preservation tactics and probiotic replacement therapies of a dysbiosed gut microbiome in Asian elephants. More generally, these results show the severity of anthropogenic activities at the level of gut microbiome, altering the adaptation processes to new environments and the subsequent capability to maintain normal physiological processes in animals

Anthropogenic interferences lead to gut microbiome dysbiosis in Asian elephants and may alter adaptation processes to surrounding environments

Human activities interfere with wild animals and lead to the loss of many animal populations. Therefore, efforts have been made to understand how wildlife can rebound from anthropogenic disturbances. An essential mechanism to adapt to environmental and social changes is the fluctuations in the host gut microbiome. Here we give a comprehensive description of anthropogenically induced microbiome alterations in Asian elephants (n=30). We detected gut microbial changes due to overseas translocation, captivity and deworming. We found that microbes belonging to Planococcaceae had the highest contribution in the microbiome alterations after translocation, while Clostridiaceae, Spirochaetaceae and Bacteroidia were the most affected after captivity. However, deworming significantly changed the abundance of Flavobacteriaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Weeksellaceae and Burkholderiaceae. These findings may provide fundamental ideas to help guide the preservation tactics and probiotic replacement therapies of a dysbiosed gut microbiome in Asian elephants. More generally, these results show the severity of anthropogenic activities at the level of gut microbiome, altering the adaptation processes to new environments and the subsequent capability to maintain normal physiological processes in animals

Productive disruption: opportunities and challenges for innovation in infectious disease surveillance

Infectious diseases place an unacceptable and disproportionate social and economic burden on low-income countries. National disease control programmes have the difficult task of allocating limited budgets for interventions across regions of their countries, based on often disparate datasets of varying quality from a range of sources including clinics, hospitals, village health workers, the private sector and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Every stage of the data collection and analysis pipeline for surveillance systems may be affected by a lack of capacity as well as by biases and misaligned incentives for reporting and managing data. Addressing these issues will be essential for effective reduction in the burden of endemic infectious diseases globally as well as to preparing for emerging epidemic threats

Productive disruption: opportunities and challenges for innovation in infectious disease surveillance

* New innovations that could transform infectious disease surveillance and control, including the use of Big Data, mobile health approaches and cutting edge quantitative methods, offer hope for disrupting traditional health systems and improving health worldwide.* Much has been made of their potential, but very few have been translated successfully into policy or scaled up to a population level.* We argue that there is currently a lack of integration of new approaches, making them unsustainable or unrealistic for most national control programmes and that the gulf between academia and policy makers remains a major barrier to their implementation.* We propose that these innovations must be designed with direct input from national control programmes and embedded within already existing health systems