RECORD OF Smicromorpha, (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE: SMICROMORPHINAE) POSSIBLE PARASITOIDS OF WEAVER ANTS, FROM HALMAHERA, THE NORTH MOLUCCAS

Abstract not availabl

TAXONOMY OF SOCIAL WASPS OF THE POLlSTINE TRIBE ROPALlDIINI (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS

The taxonomy of social wasps of the poiistine tribe Ropalidiini in the eastern part of ti,e Lesser Sunda Islands (viz., Sumba, Flores and Timor as included major islands) was studied based mainly on specimens recently collected by ourselves and those deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor. Parapolybia varia (Fabricius) and 11 species of Ropalictia are recognized ill tile region and their faunal characteristics are discussed. Nomenclatural changes included are: synonymy of Ropalidia laticincta floresinana van der vecht, 1962 underR. laticincta van der vecht, 1962; synonymies of Icaria nigroplagiata Cameron, 1900, R. mathematica binotata uau der vecin, 1941 and R. mathematica sumbaensis van der vecht, 1962, all under R. mathematica(Smith: 1860); revised status of R. socialis trimarulata van der vecht, 1962, and R. variegata dichrorna van der vecht, 1941, both being raised to species milk. New locality records are R. cyathiformis from Lombok and Flores Islallds, R. laticincta from Sobu (or Sawu) Island, R. rufoplagiata (Cameron) from Timor Island, and R. javanica van der vecht from Sumbawa island.Key words: Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae, Ropalidiini, distribution, Indonesia, synonym

Morphologic change and the DNA contents of the testicular cell of rabbits treated with the fatty acid ex­tracted from the irradiated animals

1. The unsaturated fatty acid fraction (OX) from the liver of irradiated rabbits contains substance which has the same effects as X-ray irradiation on the testicular cells. 2. This substance introduced intravenously causes the degeneration of the germinal cells with the formation of giant cells or multi-nucleated cells and the mitotic abnormalities. 3. The DNA content of the cell also shows the changes exactly identical with that seen after X-ray irradiation. 4. From these results we conclude that the X-ray injury will be mainly due to the production of some toxic substance which is found in the unsaturated fatty acid fraction and severely affects the cells in mitosis and DNA metabolism.</p

Paraphyly of Polybia

24 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-24).A cladistic analysis of the subgenera of the paper wasp genus Polybia Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae), and the other genera that construct phragmocyttarus nests, is presented. The results clearly indicate paraphyly of Polybia in terms of the genus Synoecoides Ducke. To remove the paraphyly, Synoecoides is reduced in rank, to a subgenus of Polybia, new synonymy

Th17 cells differentiated with mycelial membranes of Candida albicans prevent oral candidiasis

Candida albicans is a human commensal that causes opportunistic infections. Th17 cells provide resistance against mucosal infection with C. albicans; however, the T cell antigens remain little known. Our final goal is to find effective T cell antigens of C. albicans that are responsible for immunotherapy against candidiasis. Here, we prepared fractions including cytosol, membrane and cell wall from yeast and mycelial cells. Proteins derived from a membrane fraction of mycelial cells effectively induced differentiation of CD4+ T cells into IL-17A-producing Th17 cells. To confirm the immunological response in vivo of proteins from mycelial membrane, we performed adoptive transfer experiments using ex vivo stimulated CD4+ T cells from IL-17A-GFP reporter mice. Mycelial membrane-differentiated CD4+ Th17 cells adoptively transferred intravenously prevented oral candidiasis by oral infection of C. albicans, compared with control anti-CD3-stimulated CD4+ T cells. This was confirmed by the clinical score and the number of neutrophils on the infected tissues. These data suggest that effective T cell antigens against candidiasis could be present in the membrane protein fraction of mycelial cells. The design of novel vaccination strategies against candidiasis will be our next step.福岡歯科大学2017年

Effect of octanoic acid-rich formula on plasma ghrelin levels in cachectic patients with chronic respiratory disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>For cachectic patients with chronic respiratory disease (CRD), conventional enteral nutrition formula is an optional treatment to maintain energy balance. The molecular mechanisms by which enteral nutrition formula controls appetite and weight remain unknown. We examined whether enteral nutrition formula rich in octanoic acids would increase plasma levels of ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating hormone produced in the stomach, in cachectic patients with CRD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Plasma ghrelin profiles in cachectic patients with CRD were assessed and compared with those in age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma levels of acyl-ghrelin, an active ghrelin modified by octanoic acids, and desacyl-ghrelin were measured separately. We examined changes in 24-h plasma ghrelin profiles before and after single administration of the formula. We also evaluated the effects of 2-week administration of the formula on plasma ghrelin levels and nutritional status in patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The ratio of acyl-ghrelin to desacyl-ghrelin in plasma was lower in patients than in controls. Single administration of the formula did not change plasma desacyl-ghrelin levels, but induced an increase in acyl-ghrelin levels. Two-week treatment with the formula was effective in increasing weight and acyl-ghrelin, along with improving nutritional status in patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results show that the formula contributes to increased weight, which may be associated with induction of acyl-ghrelin production in cachectic patients with CRD.</p

Vespinae of Yunnan.

10 p. ; 26 cm. "April 19, 2011."In recent years, five new species of Vespinae have been described from Yunnan Province, China. A thorough assessment of these taxa, including study of color differences and compilation of measurements of specimens from six entomological collections, shows that the new taxa are merely variants of existing, nominal species. Thus, all five are synonymized here, as follows: Vespa hekouensis Dong and Wang, and Vespa maguanensis Dong = Vespa analis Fabricius; Vespula yulongensis Dong and Wang = Vespula flaviceps (Smith); Vespula nujiangensis Dong and Wang = Vespula orbata (du Buysson); and Vespula gongshanensis Dong = Vespula rufa (Linnaeus), all new synonymy. The synonymies bring the current number of vespine species recognized worldwide to 67