2,254 research outputs found
Evolution of particle size distribution in air in the rainfall process via the moment method
Population balance equation is converted to three moment equations to describe the dynamical behavior of particle size distribution in air in the rainfall. The scavenging coefficient is expressed as a polynomial function of the particle diameter, the raindrop diameter and the raindrop velocity. The evolutions of particle size distribution are simulated numerically and the effects of the raindrop size distribution on particle size distribution are studied. The results show that the raindrops with smaller geometric mean diameter and geometric standard deviation of size remove particles much more efficiently. The particles which fall in the “greenfield gap” are the most difficult to be scavenged from the air
Springback analysis of AA5754 after hot stamping: experiments and FE modelling
In this paper, the springback of the aluminium alloy AA5754 under hot stamping conditions was characterised under stretch and pure bending conditions. It was found that elevated temperature stamping was beneficial for springback reduction, particularly when using hot dies. Using cold dies, the flange springback angle decreased by 9.7 % when the blank temperature was increased from 20 to 450 °C, compared to the 44.1 % springback reduction when hot dies were used. Various other forming conditions were also tested, the results of which were used to verify finite element (FE) simulations of the processes in order to consolidate the knowledge of springback. By analysing the tangential stress distributions along the formed part in the FE models, it was found that the springback angle is a linear function of the average through-thickness stress gradient, regardless of the forming conditions used
FuXi-Extreme: Improving extreme rainfall and wind forecasts with diffusion model
Significant advancements in the development of machine learning (ML) models
for weather forecasting have produced remarkable results. State-of-the-art
ML-based weather forecast models, such as FuXi, have demonstrated superior
statistical forecast performance in comparison to the high-resolution forecasts
(HRES) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).
However, ML models face a common challenge: as forecast lead times increase,
they tend to generate increasingly smooth predictions, leading to an
underestimation of the intensity of extreme weather events. To address this
challenge, we developed the FuXi-Extreme model, which employs a denoising
diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) to restore finer-scale details in the
surface forecast data generated by the FuXi model in 5-day forecasts. An
evaluation of extreme total precipitation (), 10-meter wind speed
(), and 2-meter temperature () illustrates the
superior performance of FuXi-Extreme over both FuXi and HRES. Moreover, when
evaluating tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts based on International Best Track
Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset, both FuXi and FuXi-Extreme
shows superior performance in TC track forecasts compared to HRES, but they
show inferior performance in TC intensity forecasts in comparison to HRES
Polarization-based cyclic weak value metrology for angular velocity measurement
Weak value has been proved to amplify the detecting changes of the meters at
the cost of power due to post-selection. Previous power-recycling schemes
enable the failed post-selection photons to be reselected repeatedly, thus
surpassing the upper noise limit and improving the precision of interferometric
systems. Here we introduce three cyclic methods to improve the sensitivity of
polarization-based weak-value-based angular velocity measurement: power-,
signal- and dual-recycling schemes. By inserting one or two partially
transmitting mirrors inside the system, both the power and precision of
detected signals are greatly enhanced, and the dual-recycling scheme has wider
optimal region than that of power- or signal-recycling schemes. Compared to
non-polarization schemes, polarization-based schemes enjoy lower optical loss
and unique cyclic directions. These reduce the crosstalk among different paths
of light and, theoretically, eliminate the walk-off effect, thus towering in
both theoretical performance and application.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
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