4,804 research outputs found
Counting statistics based on the analytic solutions of the differential-difference equation for birth-death processes
Birth-death processes take place ubiquitously throughout the universe. In
general, birth and death rates depend on the system size (corresponding to the
number of products or customers undergoing the birth-death process) and thus
vary every time birth or death occurs, which makes fluctuations in the rates
inevitable. The differential-difference equation governing the time evolution
of such a birth-death process is well established, but it resists solving for a
non-asymptotic solution. In this work, we present the analytic solution of the
differential-difference equation for birth-death processes without
approximation. The time-dependent solution we obtain leads to an analytical
expression for counting statistics of products (or customers). We further
examine the relationship between the system size fluctuations and the birth and
death rates, and find that statistical properties (variance subtracted by mean)
of the system size are determined by the mean death rate as well as the
covariance of the system size and the net growth rate (i.e., the birth rate
minus the death rate). This work suggests a promising new direction for
quantitative investigations into birth-death processes
Warm needle acupuncture for osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Warm needle acupuncture (WA) is considered a potential intervention in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of WA in the treatment of OA. Systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: Fourteen databases were searched from their inception until May 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of WA for treating OA were identified. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation program were used to assess all included RCTs. A total of 66 RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most of the included studies had an unclear risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence was very low. Twenty-four RCTs compared the effects of WA with those of oral drug therapies. Meta-analysis showed superior effects of WA for the total effective rate (risk ratio (RR): 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17 to 1.27, I = 26%, p < 0.001, 24 studies, n = 2278), pain, and function. Eight RCTs compared the effects of WA+drug therapy, and meta-analysis showed favorable effects for the total effective rate (RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.35, I =0%, p < 0.001, 8 studies, n = 646). Eight RCTs compared the effects of WA and intra-articular sodium hyaluronate (IASH) injection on OA and found equivalent effects of WA on the symptoms of OA. Twenty-eight RCTs compared the effects of WA+IASH injection with those of IASH injection, and meta-analysis showed superior effects of WA+IASH in terms of the total effective rate (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.19, I =27.3%, p < 0.001, 25 studies, n = 2208), pain, and function. None of the RCTs reported serious adverse events. WA may have some distinct advantages in the treatment of OA. However, well-designed RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.
A key to room-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ZnO: Cu
Successful synthesis of room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors,
ZnFeO, is reported. The essential ingredient in achieving
room-temperature ferromagnetism in bulk ZnFeO was found to be
additional Cu doping. A transition temperature as high as 550 K was obtained in
ZnFeCuO; the saturation magnetization at room
temperature reached a value of per Fe. Large
magnetoresistance was also observed below K.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures; to appear in Appl. Phys. Let
Ideals of pseudo MV-algebras based on vague set theory,
Abstract. The notion of vague ideals in pseudo MV-algebras is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Conditions for a vague set to be a vague ideal are provided. Conditions for a vague ideal to be implicative are given. Characterizations of (implicative, prime) vague ideals are discussed. The smallest vague ideal containing a given vague set is established. Prime and implicative extension property for a vague ideal is discussed
Entropic sampling dynamics of the globally-coupled kinetic Ising model
The entropic sampling dynamics based on the reversible information transfer
to and from the environment is applied to the globally coupled Ising model in
the presence of an oscillating magnetic field. When the driving frequency is
low enough, coherence between the magnetization and the external magnetic field
is observed; such behavior tends to weaken with the system size. The time-scale
matching between the intrinsic time scale, defined in the absence of the
external magnetic field, and the extrinsic time scale, given by the inverse of
the driving frequency, is used to explain the observed coherence behavior.Comment: 8 page
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