Visualization 1.mp4

Experimental results of digital refocusing of six 2D object

Visualization 2.mp4

Experimental results of digital refocusing of the resolution boar

Visualization 3.mp4

Experimental results of digital refocusing of a volume object and a polarization-sensitive volume objec

Visualization 4.mp4

Numerical results of digital refocusing of a polychromatic volume objec

One-Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles via Sequential Staudinger/aza-Wittig/Ag(I)-Catalyzed Cyclization/Isomerization

A new one-pot preparation of polysubstituted imidazoles by a Staudinger/aza-Wittig/Ag­(I)-catalyzed cyclization/isomerization has been developed. The easily accessible propargylazide derivatives reacted with triphenylphosphine, isocyanates, and amines sequentially to produce the fully substituted imidazoles in good overall yields in the presence of catalytic amount of AgNO₃/DMAP

Supplementary document for Computational Plenoptic Ghost Diffraction - 6292774.pdf

Supplementary Materia

Self-assembled Structure of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Crystals Based on Keggin Polyoxometallates [SMo₁₂O₄₀^2–] and Supramolecular Cations

To investigate the network structure of inorganic–organic hybrid crystals, we synthesized a series of assemblies based on polyoxometallates (POMs) [SMo₁₂O₄₀^2–] and different supramolecular cations consisting of anilinium and crown ether derivatives. The compounds [(<i>m</i>-XAni⁺)­(B­[18]­crown-6)]₂­[SMo₁₂O₄₀^2–] (Ani⁺ = anilinium; B[18]­crown-6 = benzo[18]­crown-6; X = F (<b>1</b>), Cl (<b>2</b>), Br (<b>3</b>), or I (<b>4</b>)), [(4-MeAni⁺)­(B­[18]­crown-6)]₂­[SMo₁₂O₄₀^2–]·CH₃CN (<b>5</b>), [(4-MeAni⁺)­(DB­[18]­crown-6)]₂­[SMo₁₂O₄₀^2–]·2CH₃CN (<b>6</b>), [(3-F-4-MeAni⁺)­(DB­[18]­crown-6)]₂­[SMo₁₂O₄₀^2–]·2CH₃CN (<b>7</b>), and [(3-F-4-MeAni⁺)₂­(DB­[30]­crown-10)]­[SMo₁₂O₄₀^2–]·2CH₃CN (<b>8</b>) (4-MeAni⁺ = 4-methylanilinium; DB[18]­crown-6 = dibenzo[18]­crown-6; 3-F-4-MeAni⁺ = 3-fluoro-4-methyl­anilinium; DB[30]­crown-10 = dibenzo[30]­crown-10) were synthesized. Their crystal architectures were characterized according to the size and charge of the supramolecular cations. In <b>1</b>–<b>4</b>, two adjacent supramolecular cations ([(<i>m</i>-XAni⁺)­(B­[18]­crown-6)]) were connected through π···π interactions forming sandwich-type dimers with the cations that were stacked in an antiparallel manner. In <b>8</b>, DB[30]­crown-10 included two cations constructing a larger divalent supramolecular cation [(3-F-4-MeAni⁺)₂­(DB­[30]­crown-10)]. In <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> and <b>8</b>, the ratio between [SMo₁₂O₄₀^2–] and the supramolecular cations was 1:1, and the latter formed rectangular-assembled structures. In <b>5</b>, the π···π stacking interaction was present in the adjacent B[18]­crown-6. Monovalent supramolecular cations were present in <b>5</b>–<b>7</b> with a ratio of 1:2 between [SMo₁₂O₄₀^2–] and the supramolecular cations. The supramolecular cations formed hexagonal-assembled structures

Data_Sheet_1_Gut microbiota-generated short-chain fatty acids are involved in para-chlorophenylalanine-induced cognitive disorders.ZIP

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) include complex and multifactorial diseases that affect many patients. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neuron system plays an important role in NCDs. Existing studies have reported that para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a 5-HT scavenger, has a negative effect on cognitive function. However, we believe that PCPA may result in NCDs through other pathways. To explore this possibility, behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the cognitive function of PCPA-treated mice, suggesting the appearance of cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behavior. Furthermore, 16S rRNA and metabolomic analyses revealed that dysbiosis and acetate alternation could be related to PCPA-induced NCDs. Our results suggest that not only 5-HT depletion but also dysbiosis and acetate alternation contributed to PCPA-related NCDs. Specifically, the latter promotes NCDs by reducing short-chain fatty acid levels. Together, these findings provide an alternative perspective on PCPA-induced NCDs.</p

Determination of Oxidation Products of 5‑Methylcytosine in Plants by Chemical Derivatization Coupled with Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Cytosine methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5-mC) in DNA is an important epigenetic mark that has regulatory roles in various biological processes. In plants, active DNA demethylation can be achieved through direct cleavage by DNA glycosylases, followed by replacement of 5-mC with cytosine by base excision repair (BER) machinery. Recent studies in mammals have demonstrated 5-mC can be sequentially oxidized to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-foC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC) by Ten–eleven translocation (TET) proteins. The consecutive oxidations of 5-mC constitute the active DNA demethylation pathway in mammals, which raised the possible presence of oxidation products of 5-mC (5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC) in plant genomes. However, there is no definitive evidence supporting the presence of these modified bases in plant genomic DNA, especially for 5-foC and 5-caC. Here we developed a chemical derivatization strategy combined with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method to determine 5-formyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5-fodC) and 5-carboxyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5-cadC). Derivatization of 5-fodC and 5-cadC by Girard’s reagents (GirD, GirT, and GirP) significantly increased the detection sensitivities of 5-fodC and 5-cadC by 52–260-fold. Using this method, we demonstrated the widespread existence of 5-fodC and 5-cadC in genomic DNA of various plant tissues, indicating that active DNA demethylation in plants may go through an alternative pathway similar to mammals besides the pathway of direct DNA glycosylases cleavage combined with BER. Moreover, we found that environmental stresses of drought and salinity can change the contents of 5-fodC and 5-cadC in plant genomes, suggesting the functional roles of 5-fodC and 5-cadC in response to environmental stresses

Heavy Metals Induce Decline of Derivatives of 5‑Methycytosine in Both DNA and RNA of Stem Cells

Toxic heavy metals have been considered to be harmful environmental contaminations. The molecular mechanisms of heavy-metals-induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity are still not well elucidated. Previous reports showed exposures to toxic heavy metals can cause a change of DNA cytosine methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5-mC). However, it is still not clear whether heavy metals have effects on the recently identified new epigenetic marks in both DNA and RNA, <i>i.e.</i>, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-foC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC). Here, we established a chemical labeling strategy in combination with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis for highly sensitive detection of eight modified cytidines in DNA and RNA. The developed method allowed simultaneous detection of all eight modified cytidines with improved detection sensitivities of 128–443-fold. Using this method, we demonstrated that the levels of 5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC significantly decreased in both the DNA and RNA of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells while exposed to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and antimony (Sb). In addition, we found that treatments by heavy metals induced a decrease of the activities of 10–11 translocation (Tet) proteins. Furthermore, we revealed that a content change of metabolites occurring in the tricarboxylic acid cycle may be responsible for the decline of the derivatives of 5-mC. Our study shed light on the epigenetic effects of heavy metals, especially for the induced decline of the derivatives of 5-mC in both DNA and RNA