腸膵内分泌腫瘍の登録・保存・分析・供給のための新潟システム：Window型変換

Niigata Registery for Gut-Pancreatic Endocrinomas（NRGPE）はいわゆる消化管ホルモンを産生・分泌する消化器内分泌癌（Endocrinomas：カルチノイド群・類縁腫瘍群）および膵内分泌腫瘍の登録・保存・分析・供給を目的とするシステムである。その内容は内外において報告された個人識別の可能な症例のほか、本邦剖検症例,統計分析の対象外ではあるが内外の個人識別不可能な群別報告症例、綜説などが収録・保管されている。本邦を含む65カ国より渉猟された16言語による文献約15,500部、症例17,000例、総件数28,000件が系統的にデータベース化されている。基本的分析表は21種類あり、それらの組み合わせにより、内外の研究者の要望に応じて必要な資料を供給することが出来る。消化器内分泌癌では本邦症例が約42%を占め、外国症例との統計的有意差検定も可能である。本来は個人の収集資料であったが、膨大な資料と独特なデータベースであるため、一般公開を建前として、1999年3月に新潟大学に寄贈し、現在、大学図書館医学部旭町分館特別室に保管されている。本著では、このRegistryの機能の概略、内容、公表された分析結果、資料抽出・解析の実際等を解説し、今後この専門領域に従事する内外の研究者に資料を提供する方策を示した。The purpose of the Niigata Registry for Gut-Pancreatic Endocrinomas (NRGPE) is to maintain information regarding gut-pancreatic endocrinomas and to make this information available researchers engaged in the study of gut-pancreatic endocrinology. The Registry contains information that has been collected from sixty-five countries and regions worldwide in sixteen different languages. At present the Registry contains approximately 17,000 individually documented cases, 15,500 references and 28,000 reports, the latter including revidw articles and case studies that have been either duplicated or insufficiently well-documented. The specifice requirements of individual researchers are served by the NUS System database, through which data can be computer-analyzed and measured against twenty-one basic tables for statistical analysis. Approximately 42% of all cases of endocrinocarcinoma are Japanese in origin and it is possible to determine the comparable features of both Japanese and foreign cases. The Niigata Registry, and its NUS System as well as a large quantity of the relevant literature, was donated to Niigata University School of Medicine and is housed in the Asahimachi Branch of the Niigata University Library. It is open to all researchers working in the field of gut-pancreatic endocrinology

The term "carcinoid" is a misnomer: the evidence based on local invasion

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Since Oberndorfer proposed the term "carcinoid" in 1907, over 100 years have passed. This attractive term was initially proposed for 6 cases of his own experience with 12 submucosal lesions in the small intestine.</p> <p>Oberndorfer summarized the characteristic features of these lesions as follows: (1) small in size and often multiple, (2) histologically undifferentiated with a suggestion of gland-formation, (3) well-defined without any tendency to infiltrate the surroundings, (4) no metastases, and (5) apparently slow-growing reaching no significant size with a seemingly harmless nature.</p> <p>Review</p> <p>This article stresses the malignant nature of "carcinoid" on the basis of local invasion prior to metastases in the first two sessions, (1) with Oberndorfer's original diagram, and (2) with an experimental observation on extraglandular microcarcinoid in a form of "budding".</p> <p>Next, (3) a statistical comparison between a carcinoid group and a non-carcinoid ordinary carcinoma group is introduced on metastasis rates at an early stage with two prescribed factors of the depth of invasion restricted within the submucosa (sm-lesion) and a small tumor size category of 1 cm to 2 cm: the carcinoid group exhibited metastasis rates higher than those in the ordinary carcinoma group when calculated in the stomach and rectum.</p> <p>In the author's experience, "carcinoids" are malignant not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also in the other sites on the basis of local invasion.</p> <p>Lastly, (4) discussion on the terminology of "carcinoid" as a misnomer is carried out.</p> <p>Adequate terms referring to the entity of this malignant tumor group are discussed. One of the most adequate and brief terms for "carcinoid" that is included now in neuroendocrine tumor group would be "endocrinocarcinoma" as per the author's proposal, followed by NEC (neuroendocrinocarcinoma) or GEC (gut endocrinocarcinoma).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The term "carcinoid" is a misnomer that can be confirmed on the basis of local invasion prior to metastases. "No metastases without local invasion" is not of a negligible importance.</p

Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 controls skin carcinogenesis and psoriasis by shaping the gut microbiota

Besides promoting inflammation by mobilizing lipid mediators, group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) prevents bacterial infection by degrading bacterial membranes. Here, we show that, despite the restricted intestinal expression of sPLA2-IIA in BALB/c mice, its genetic deletion leads to amelioration of cancer and exacerbation of psoriasis in distal skin. Intestinal expression of sPLA2-IIA is reduced after treatment with antibiotics or under germ-free conditions, suggesting its upregulation by gut microbiota. Metagenome, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses have revealed that sPLA2-IIA deficiency alters the gut microbiota, accompanied by notable changes in the intestinal expression of genes related to immunity and metabolism, as well as in the levels of various blood metabolites and fecal bacterial lipids, suggesting that sPLA2-IIA contributes to shaping of the gut microbiota. The skin phenotypes in Pla2g2a–/– mice are lost (a) when they are cohoused with littermate WT mice, resulting in the mixing of the microbiota between the genotypes, or (b) when they are housed in a more stringent pathogen-free facility, where Pla2g2a expression in WT mice is low and the gut microbial compositions in both genotypes are nearly identical. Thus, our results highlight a potentially new aspect of sPLA2-IIA as a modulator of gut microbiota, perturbation of which affects distal skin responses

Classification of tumours

Tumours are classified according to the most differentiated cells with the exception of carcinomas where a few tumour cells show neuroendocrine differentiation. In this case these cells are regarded as redifferentiated tumour cells, and the tumour is not classified as neuroendocrine. However, it is now clear that normal neuroendocrine cells can divide, and that continuous stimulation of such cells results in tumour formation, which during time becomes increasingly malignant. To understand tumourigenesis, it is of utmost importance to recognize the cell of origin of the tumour since knowledge of the growth regulation of that cell may give information about development and thus possible prevention and prophylaxis of the tumour. It may also have implications for the treatment. The successful treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor is an example of the importance of a correct cellular classification of a tumour. In the future tumours should not just be classified as for instance adenocarcinomas of an organ, but more precisely as a carcinoma originating from a certain cell type of that organ

Nonfunctioning endocrine tumor of the pancreas：A case report

We report a rare case of a very large nonfunctioning endocrine tumor of the pancreas without malignant histological features. A 63-year-old woman referred for appetite loss and general fatigue was found to have a tumor in the pancreas head. Computed tomography demonstrated a well-defined pancreatic tumor 45mm in diameter with hypervascular staining in the pancreas head. Angiography showed a hypervascular tumor of the pancreas head and a dilatation of the anterior superior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. The preoperative diagnosis was an endocrine tumor of the pancreas, with undeniable malignancy. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was a benign nonfunctioning endocrine tumor of the pancreas based on immunohistochemical staining for Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin, and NSE, but not for hormones. The tumor revealed a low labeling index (<2.0%) of Ki-67 indicating its benign character. No tumor recurrence has been identified in the 18 months since surgery

腸膵内分泌腫瘍の登録・保存・分析・供給のための新潟システム：Window型変換

Niigata Registery for Gut-Pancreatic Endocrinomas（NRGPE）はいわゆる消化管ホルモンを産生・分泌する消化器内分泌癌（Endocrinomas：カルチノイド群・類縁腫瘍群）および膵内分泌腫瘍の登録・保存・分析・供給を目的とするシステムである。その内容は内外において報告された個人識別の可能な症例のほか、本邦剖検症例,統計分析の対象外ではあるが内外の個人識別不可能な群別報告症例、綜説などが収録・保管されている。本邦を含む65カ国より渉猟された16言語による文献約15,500部、症例17,000例、総件数28,000件が系統的にデータベース化されている。基本的分析表は21種類あり、それらの組み合わせにより、内外の研究者の要望に応じて必要な資料を供給することが出来る。消化器内分泌癌では本邦症例が約42%を占め、外国症例との統計的有意差検定も可能である。本来は個人の収集資料であったが、膨大な資料と独特なデータベースであるため、一般公開を建前として、1999年3月に新潟大学に寄贈し、現在、大学図書館医学部旭町分館特別室に保管されている。本著では、このRegistryの機能の概略、内容、公表された分析結果、資料抽出・解析の実際等を解説し、今後この専門領域に従事する内外の研究者に資料を提供する方策を示した。The purpose of the Niigata Registry for Gut-Pancreatic Endocrinomas (NRGPE) is to maintain information regarding gut-pancreatic endocrinomas and to make this information available researchers engaged in the study of gut-pancreatic endocrinology. The Registry contains information that has been collected from sixty-five countries and regions worldwide in sixteen different languages. At present the Registry contains approximately 17,000 individually documented cases, 15,500 references and 28,000 reports, the latter including revidw articles and case studies that have been either duplicated or insufficiently well-documented. The specifice requirements of individual researchers are served by the NUS System database, through which data can be computer-analyzed and measured against twenty-one basic tables for statistical analysis. Approximately 42% of all cases of endocrinocarcinoma are Japanese in origin and it is possible to determine the comparable features of both Japanese and foreign cases. The Niigata Registry, and its NUS System as well as a large quantity of the relevant literature, was donated to Niigata University School of Medicine and is housed in the Asahimachi Branch of the Niigata University Library. It is open to all researchers working in the field of gut-pancreatic endocrinology