2-[(4,6-Dimeth­oxy­pyrimidin-2-yl)­oxy]benzaldehyde

In the title compound, C13H12N2O4, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyrimidine rings is 55.57 (13)°. The carbonyl group and the two methoxyl groups are approximately coplanar with the benzene ring and pyrimidine ring; the C—C—C—O, C—O—C—N and C—O—C—C torsion angles being −6.1 (5), −4.8 (4) and 179.9 (3)°, respectively. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via C—H⋯O inter­actions, forming chains propagating along [110]

Ovarian cancer initially presenting with isolated ipsilateral superficial inguinal lymph node metastasis: a case study and review of the literature

Isolated superficial inguinal metastases without any extended intra-abdominal spread is a rare event in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Here we report an isolated superficial inguinal metastasis in a patient with primary ovarian cancer. A 54-year-old Chinese patient with primary ovarian cancer, had an isolated painless enlarged right groin swelling (3×2cm) as the only manifestation, preoperative pathology confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Gynecologic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography of the abdominopelvic cavity revealed a 5-cm mixed, right adnexal mass. At exploratory laparotomy, there was little intra-abdominal tumor dissemination but 100 ml of faint yellow peritoneal fluid and a 5-cm right ovarian tumor with intact capsule. Staging operation was performed and postoperative pathology confirmed adenocarcinoma located within right ovarian, with no evidence of involvement of other sites. Then the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy for Stage IVB. Five years later, the patient is currently still alive without evidence of recurrent disease. This case indicate that ovarian carcinoma isn’t a disease localized only within the intra-peritoneal cavity, isolated superficial inguinal lymph node metastasis might occur in rare cases via potential lymphatic and (or) hematogenous route under special conditions. We propose the need to investigate the possible mechanisms, risk factors, metastatic patterns, the biology and natural history of such patients in a large-scale and multicenter analysis. Furthermore, efforts should be made for earlier and differential diagnosis and finally prolong survival time for such patients

SU(2)-in-SU(1,1) Nested Interferometer for Highly Sensitive, Loss-Tolerant Quantum Metrology

We present experimental and theoretical results on a new interferometer topology that nests a SU(2) interferometer, e.g., a Mach-Zehnder or Michelson interferometer, inside a SU(1,1) interferometer, i.e., a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with parametric amplifiers in place of beam splitters. This SU(2)-in-SU(1,1) nested interferometer (SISNI) simultaneously achieves high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL) and tolerance to photon losses external to the interferometer, e.g., in detectors. We implement a SISNI using parametric amplification by four-wave mixing (FWM) in Rb vapor and a laser-fed Mach-Zehnder SU(2) interferometer. We observe path-length sensitivity with SNR 2.2 dB beyond the SQL at power levels (and thus SNR) 2 orders of magnitude beyond those of previous loss-tolerant interferometers. We find experimentally the optimal FWM gains and find agreement with a minimal quantum noise model for the FWM process. The results suggest ways to boost the in-practice sensitivity of high-power interferometers, e.g., gravitational wave interferometers, and may enable high-sensitivity, quantum-enhanced interferometry at wavelengths for which efficient detectors are not available.Comment: 6 pages + 4 of supplemental material, 5 figure

Malaria incidence from 2005–2013 and its associations with meteorological factors in Guangdong, China

Background: The temporal variation of malaria incidence has been linked to meteorological factors in many studies, but key factors observed and corresponding effect estimates were not consistent. Furthermore, the potential effect modification by individual characteristics is not well documented. This study intends to examine the delayed effects of meteorological factors and the sub-population's susceptibility in Guangdong, China. Methods: The Granger causality Wald test and Spearman correlation analysis were employed to select climatic variables influencing malaria. The distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the non-linear and delayed effects of weekly temperature, duration of sunshine, and precipitation on the weekly number of malaria cases after controlling for other confounders. Stratified analyses were conducted to identify the sub-population's susceptibility to meteorological effects by malaria type, gender, and age group. Results: An incidence rate of 1.1 cases per 1,000,000 people was detected in Guangdong from 2005-2013. High temperature was associated with an observed increase in malaria incidence, with the effect lasting for four weeks and a maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.57 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-2.33) by comparing 30°C to the median temperature. The effect of sunshine duration peaked at lag five and the maximum RR was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.08-1.72) by comparing 24 hours/week to 0 hours/week. A J-shaped relationship was found between malaria incidence and precipitation with a threshold of 150 mm/week. Over the threshold, precipitation increased malaria incidence after four weeks with the effect lasting for 15 weeks, and the maximum RR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.18-2.03) occurring at lag eight by comparing 225 mm/week to 0 mm/week. Plasmodium falciparum was more sensitive to temperature and precipitation than Plasmodium vivax. Females had a higher susceptibility to the effects of sunshine and precipitation, and children and the elderly were more sensitive to the change of temperature, sunshine duration, and precipitation. Conclusion: Temperature, duration of sunshine and precipitation played important roles in malaria incidence with effects delayed and varied across lags. Climatic effects were distinct among sub-groups. This study provided helpful information for predicting malaria incidence and developing the future warning system.School of Nursin

rac-Methyl 2-(2-formyl-4-nitro­phen­oxy)hexa­noate

In the racemic title compound, C14H17NO6, the plane of the ester group of the methyl hexa­noate side chain makes a dihedral angle of 80.0 (2)° with the benzene ring, while the nitro group is approximately coplanar with the benzene ring [dihedral angle = 10.3 (2)°]. In the crystal, mol­ecules form weak aromatic C—H⋯Onitro hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, giving inversion dimers [graph set R 2 2(8)]

N-Cyclo­hexyl-N-{[3-(4,6-dimeth­oxy­pyrimidin-2-yl­oxy)pyridin-2-yl]meth­yl}4,6-dimeth­oxy­pyrimidin-2-amine

In the title compound, C24H30N6O5, the cyclo­hexyl ring adopts a chair conformation, while the remainder of the mol­ecule adopts a U-shape. The dihedral angles between the pyridine ring and the pendant pyrimidine rings are 69.04 (12) and 75.99 (9)°. The two pyrimidine rings, however, are nearly parallel to one another, with a dihedral angle of 8.56 (15)° between them. They are also involved in an intra­molecular π–π stacking inter­action with a distance of 3.6627 (18) Å between the ring centroids. In the crystal, C—H⋯O contacts link the mol­ecules into chains along the b axis

2-(Hy­droxy­meth­yl)pyridin-3-ol

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C6H7NO2, the mol­ecules are are linked by inter­molecular O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds; π–π stacking is observed between parallel pyridine rings of adjacent mol­ecules [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.7649 (12) Å]

Neuroprotective effect of apocynin nitrone in oxygen glucose deprivation-treated SH-SY5Y cells and rats with ischemic stroke

Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective potential of apocynin nitrone (AN-1), a nitrone analogue of apocynin, in rat brain tissue as a novel candidate for ischemic stroke treatment.Methods: In vitro neuroprotection of AN-1 was studied in SH-SY5Y cells treated with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2Htetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was investigated using flow cytometry. The protection of AN-1 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rats was evaluated by cerebral infarct area and neurological deficit score. Oxidative stress of the ischemic hemisphere was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels.Results: In OGD-treated SH-SY5Y cells, AN-1 reduced cell death and ROS level. In I/R rats, AN-1 exerted potential protection against neurological deficit by reducing infarction area, decreasing neurological deficit score and relieving oxidative stress. AN-1 exhibited stronger action than its parent compound apocynin in vitro, but the two had similar effects in vivo. In addition, AN-1 demonstrated efficacy close to or higher than the positive reference Edaravone® both in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore, AN-1 showed lower toxicity than apocynin in vitro.Conclusion: The results suggest that AN-1 may be a potential neuroprotective agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke in human.Keywords: Apocynin nitrone, Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, Neuroprotection, Reactive oxygen species, Oxidative stres

Changes of monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression as a reliable predictor of mortality in severe sepsis

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have shown that monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR) expression may be a good predictor for mortality in severe septic patients. On the contrary, other studies found mHLA-DR was not a useful prognostic marker in severe sepsis. Few studies have taken changes of mHLA-DR during treatment into consideration. The objective of this study was to estimate the prognostic value of changes of mHLA-DR to predict mortality in severe sepsis. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, mHLA-DR was measured by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from 79 adult patients with severe sepsis. mHLA-DR levels were determined on day 0, 3, 7 after admission to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) with a diagnosis of severe sepsis. ΔmHLA-DR(3 )and ΔmHLA-DR(7 )were defined as the changes in mHLA-DR value on day 3 and day 7 compared to that on day 0. Data were compared between 28-day survivors and non-survivors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to measure the performance and discriminating threshold of ΔmHLA-DR(3), ΔmHLA-DR(7), ΔmHLA-DR(7-3), mHLA-DR(0), mHLA-DR(3 )and mHLA-DR(7 )in predicting mortality of severe sepsis. RESULTS: ROC curve analysis showed that ΔmHLA-DR(3 )and ΔmHLA-DR(7 )were reliable indicators of mortality in severe sepsis. A ΔmHLA-DR(3 )value of 4.8% allowed discrimination between survivors and non-survivors with a sensitivity of 89.0% and a specificity of 93.7%; similarly, ΔmHLA-DR(7 )value of 9% allowed discrimination between survivors and non-survivors with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 90.0%. Patients with ΔmHLA-DR(3 )≤4.8% had higher mortality than those with ΔmHLA-DR(3 )> 4.8% (71.4% vs. 2.0%, OR 125.00, 95% CI 13.93 to 1121.67); patients with ΔmHLA-DR(7 )≤9% had higher mortality than those with ΔmHLA-DR(7 )> 9% (52.9% vs. 2.0%, OR 54.00, 95% CI 5.99 to 486.08). The mean change of mHLA-DR significantly increased in the survivor group with the passage of time; from day 0 to day 3 and day 7, changes were 6.45 and 16.90 (P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The change of mHLA-DR over time may be a reliable predictor for mortality in patients with severe sepsis