SSU rDNA Sequence Diversity and Seasonally Differentiated Distribution of Nanoplanktonic Ciliates in Neritic Bohai and Yellow Seas as Revealed by T-RFLP

<div><p>Nanociliates have been frequently found to be important players in the marine microbial loop, however, little is known about their diversity and distribution in coastal ecosystems. We investigated the molecular diversity and distribution patterns of nanoplanktonic oligotrich and choreotrich (OC) ciliates in surface water of three neritic basins of northern China, the South Yellow Sea (SYS), North Yellow Sea (NYS), and Bohai Sea (BS) in June and November 2011. SSU rRNA gene clone libraries generated from three summertime samples (sites B38, B4 and H8) were analyzed and revealed a large novel ribotype diversity, of which many were low-abundant phylotypes belonging to the subclass Oligotrichia, but divergent from described morphospecies. Based on the data of terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of all 35 samples, we found that the T-RF richness was generally higher in the SYS than in the BS, and negatively correlated with the molar ratio of P to Si. Overall, multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analysis of variance of the community turnover demonstrated a distinct seasonal pattern but no basin-to-basin differentiation across all samples. Nevertheless, significant community differences among basins were recognized in the winter dataset. Mantel tests showed that the environmental factors, P:Si ratio, water temperature and concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), determined the community across all samples. However, both biogeographic distance and environment shaped the community in winter, with DO being the most important physicochemical factor. Our results indicate that the stoichiometric ratio of P:Si is a key factor, through which the phytoplankton community may be shaped, resulting in a cascade effect on the diversity and community composition of OC nanociliates in the N-rich, Si-limited coastal surface waters, and that the Yellow Sea Warm Current drives the nanociliate community, and possibly the microbial food webs, in the coastal ecosystem in winter.</p></div

Additional file 2 of Effect of electrical impedance-guided PEEP in reducing pulmonary complications after craniotomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Additional file 2. Ethical Review Approval

Abundance rank of OTUs.

<p>Rank abundance curves of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and sequences derived from the three clone libraries of the summertime samples collected from stations H8, B4, and B38. OTUs were defined at a cutoff of 98% sequence identity.</p

Spatial and seasonal variations of terminal restricted fragment numbers.

<p>Data were derived from water samples from South Yellow Sea (SYS), North Yellow Sea (NYS), and Bohai Sea (BS) and the combined area (Whole). The asterisk indicates significant difference (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Histogram and dispersion plots of the CEM and CMM similarities for sequences.

<p>Novelty analysis of the 276 sequences of oligotrich and choreotrich 18S rRNA genes amplified from environmental DNA of the nanoplanktonic fractions. (A) Histogram showing the distribution of similarities against closest environmental match (CEM) and closest morphospecies match (CMM) of all sequences, in 0.5% similarity classes. (B) Dispersion plot of the CEM and CMM similarities for each sequence.</p

Expression of CDC2 in one recurrence brain tumor case was detected by RT-PCR

CDC2 gradually increased with malignant grade, β-actin served as an equal loading control. Normal brain tissue (lane A), primer ganglioglioma (lane B), first recurrence anaplastic astrocytoma (lane C), second recurrence glioblastoma multiform (lane D)<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Overexpression of CDC2/CyclinB1 in gliomas, and CDC2 depletion inhibits proliferation of human glioma cells and "</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/29</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():29-29.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270850.</p><p></p

Graph showing cell growth treated with recombinant C1, C3, C4, blank retroviral vector (C0) and transfection reagent oligofectamine alone (X)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Overexpression of CDC2/CyclinB1 in gliomas, and CDC2 depletion inhibits proliferation of human glioma cells and "</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/29</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():29-29.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270850.</p><p></p

Survival of nude mice after intracranial injection of recombinant C3 retrovirus into established SHG44 gliomas

SHG44 were implanted into the frontal lobe of nude mice. After 3 days, tumors were injected with a single dose of recombinant C3 retrovirus or PBS (n = 8/group). Compared with animals treated with PBS (dash line), a significant increase in survival occurs in those treated with recombinant C3 retrovirus (solid line) (p < 0.05).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Overexpression of CDC2/CyclinB1 in gliomas, and CDC2 depletion inhibits proliferation of human glioma cells and "</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/29</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():29-29.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270850.</p><p></p

Immunoreactive score of CDC2/CyclinB1 in different grade brain tumor and normal brain tissues

A-I: CDC2 immunohistochemical images, J-R: CyclinB1 immunohistochemical images. CDC2/CyclinB1 was expressed in the cytoplasm of tumour cells. A/J: Normal adult brain tumor (-); B/K: Polycystic astrocytoma (-); C/L: Fibrillary astrocytoma (+); D/M: Anaplastic Astrocytoma (++); E/N: medulloblastoma (+++); F/O: SHG44 multicellular tumor spheres (+++); G/P: GBM multicellular tumor spheres (+++); H/Q: Neural stem cell spheres (-); I/R: Brain tumor stem cells spheres (-).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Overexpression of CDC2/CyclinB1 in gliomas, and CDC2 depletion inhibits proliferation of human glioma cells and "</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/29</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():29-29.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270850.</p><p></p