Crie, Recrie, Socialize: a Terapia Ocupacional em um grupo de crianças com dificuldades nas habilidades de interação social/Create, Re-create, Socialize: Occupational Therapy in a Group of Children with Difficulties in Social Interaction Skills

ResumoIntrodução: A interação social é resultado das relações entre os seres humanos, entretanto, para que a mesma ocorra de forma satisfatória, é necessária a aquisição de habilidades sociais, as quais podem ser adquiridas através da participação em grupos. O terapeuta ocupacional pode atuar em grupos de habilidades sociais e o utiliza como recurso terapêutico. Objetivo: Analisar a intervenção da Terapia Ocupacional em um grupo de crianças com faixa etária de 7 a 10 anos, que apresentam transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento, com dificuldades nas habilidades de interação social. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, descritiva, comparativa, de cunho bibliográfico e de campo, realizada com três participantes no período de junho a setembro de 2018. O “Protocolo de Avaliação das Habilidades de Interação Social” foi aplicado e reaplicado, para compreender o comprometimento e a evolução dos participantes após 13 encontros grupais. Resultados/Discussão: Constatou-se que os participantes apresentavam comprometimento nas habilidades de interação social, o que pode estar relacionado aos transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento. Entretanto, após a realização dos encontros grupais, houve evolução dos mesmos nas habilidades avaliadas. Considerações finais: Destaca-se a importância de dar prosseguimento ao grupo, pois os participantes terão a possibilidade de adquirir novas competências no que se refere à socialização. Ressalta-se, ainda, a necessidade de serem aprofundadas pesquisas acerca da atuação da Terapia Ocupacional, em grupos terapêuticos, voltados para as habilidades de interação social. Abstract Introduction: Social interaction is the result of relationships between human beings, however, for it to occur satisfactorily, it is necessary to acquire social skills, which can be acquired through participation in groups. The Occupational Therapist can act in groups of social skills and uses it as a therapeutic resource. Objective: To analyze the intervention of Occupational Therapy in a group of children aged 7 to 10 years, who presented with neurodevelopmental disorder, with difficulties in social interaction skills. Methods: This is a quantitative-qualitative, descriptive, comparative, bibliographical and field research, carried out with three participants from June to September 2018. The "Protocol for the Evaluation of Social Interaction Skills" was applied and reapplied, to understand the commitment and the evolution of the participants after 13 group meeting. Results/Discussion: It was observed that the participants present impairment in social interaction skills, which may be related to the neurodevelopmental disorders they present. However, after the group meetings, there were their evolution in the skills evaluated. Final considerations: It is important to continue the group, because the participants will have the possibility of acquiring new skills regarding socialization. It is also worth mentioning the need to deepen research on the performance of Occupational Therapy, in therapeutic groups, focused on social interaction skills.Keywords: Occupational Therapy, Social Interaction, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Social Skills

Occupational Therapy intervention in the training of activities of daily living with patients affected by COVID-19 in inpatient units of a university hospital

Introduction: COVID-19 causes multisystemic compromises, resulting in functional impairments, mainly related to the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Therefore, the occupational therapist is one of the professionals needed to favor the rehabilitation process. Objective: To analyze the proportion of ADLs training and the main activities that were trained with patients with COVID-19. Method: This is a documental study developed in a teaching hospital in the southeast region of Brazil. Occupational therapy records were analyzed in electronic medical records of patients admitted to COVID-19 infirmaries between June 2020 and January 2021. Results: The prevalence of occupational therapy attendances was 53.1%. The patients who were prioritized were those restricted to bed, with worse functionality and longer hospital stay. In all, 413 attendances were performed; the average per patient was three, the minimum was one, and the maximum was 15. The proportion of ADLs training was 76.9%. The most trained activities in the infirmaries by the occupational therapy team were feeding (96.8%), personal hygiene (93.9%), and functional mobility (59.8%). Conclusion: The development of this study promoted the discussion of the careful multidimensional analysis performed by occupational therapists to carry out ADLs training with patients diagnosed with Covid-19 hospitalized in wards. Furthermore, it brought important results related to the profile of the patients seen, the proportions of interventions aimed at ADLs training and the elements that guided this practice

Análise do desempenho ocupacional de pacientes com síndorme do túnel do carpo/Analysis of Occupational Performance of Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Introdução: A Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo (STC) é definida como uma neuropatia periférica, causada pela compressão do nervo mediano por uma redução do espaço no túnel do carpo, caracterizada por um conjunto de sintomas que incluem dormência, formigamento, queimação e dor contínua nos dedos e tais manifestações podem desencadear dificuldades na execução de ações que fazem parte das atividades cotidianas. Objetivo: Analisar o desempenho ocupacional de indivíduos com STC. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, quase experimental, de cunho transversal, que teve como participantes indivíduos diagnosticados com STC, atendidos pelo setor de Traumatologia e Ortopedia de um hospital privado. Foram realizadas entrevistas com perguntas voltadas às mudanças no desempenho ocupacional dos mesmos, após o diagnóstico da patologia. Resultados/Discussão: Os participantes, em sua maioria eram do sexo feminino, e realizavam esforços repetitivos, o que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da patologia. Os indivíduos referiram dificuldades em realizar atividades do cotidiano, as quais estão inseridas as três categorias do desempenho ocupacional: áreas de desempenho, componentes de desempenho e contextos de desempenho. Conclusões: Este estudo possibilitou a compreensão sobre a neuropatia em questão e instigou a realização de novas pesquisas acerca do comprometimento no desempenho ocupacional dos indivíduos. A partir disto, ressalta-se a importância da participação efetiva dos Terapeutas Ocupacionais em eventos científicos e a relevância da apresentação e publicação de estudos não só em eventos da Terapia Ocupacional. Abstract Introduction: The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is defined as peripheral neuropathy, caused by compression of the median nerve by a reduction of the carpal tunnel space. This pathology is characterized for a group of symptoms that usually include numbness, prickle or a feeling of “pinching”, burning and continuous pain in the fingers, that such manifesting can triggered difficulty in performing actions that are part of daily activities, can it is considered that CTS may lead to a failure to integrate the three elements of occupational performance. Objective: To analyze the occupational performance of individuals with CST. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional research that had as participants individuals diagnosed with CTS, attended by the Traumatology and Orthopedic Sector of a private hospital. Interviews were conducted with questions about the changes in their occupational performance after diagnosis of the pathology. Results/Discussion: The participants, mostly female, performed repetitive efforts, which contributed to the development of the pathology. Individuals reported difficulties in carrying out daily activities, which include the three categories of occupational performance: areas of performance, performance components and performance contexts. Conclusions: This study made possible the understanding about the neuropathy in question and instigated the realization of new research about the compromise in the occupational performance of the individuals. From this, it is emphasized the importance of the effective participation of Occupational Therapists in scientific events and the relevance of the presentation and publication of studies not only in Occupational Therapy events. Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Occupational Performance; Occupational Therapy