Clinical follow-up, blood biochemistry and C-reactive protein in pigs after <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> infection.

<p>Clinical follow-up, blood biochemistry and C-reactive protein in pigs after <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> infection.</p

Histological evaluation of the <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa-</i>induced inflammatory response in the lungs of control and infected pigs.

<p>Histological evaluation of the <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa-</i>induced inflammatory response in the lungs of control and infected pigs.</p

Bacterial loads in the BAL fluid, lung lobes, trachea, thoracic lymph nodes and spleen of pigs infected with P. aeruginosa.

<p>Pigs were inoculated with 70 mL of an 8 x 10⁶ cfu/mL suspension of P. aeruginosa PAK strain. Controls were obtained by inoculating 70 mL of 1X sterile PBS. Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s <i>post hoc</i> test. Data are means ± S.E.M. * indicates p<0.05. ** indicates p<0.01. *** indicates p<0.001.</p

Anatomy of the pig lung.

<p>Diagram from C.L. Pavaux [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0168577#pone.0168577.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>]. The black circles correspond to areas where samples were taken on each pig (cranial left lung lobe, caudal left lung lobe, cranial right lung lobe, middle right lung lobe, accessory right lung lobe and caudal right lung lobe), trachea (d: bronchial crossroads) and tracheal lymph nodes.</p

Total white blood cell counts and cell profiles in the peripheral blood and BAL fluid of pigs at different times after <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> infection.

<p>A. Total white blood cells (WBC) in peripheral blood. B. Profile of the WBC populations in peripheral blood. C. Total WBC in BAL fluid. D. Profile of the WBC populations in BAL fluid. Total WBC and cell profiles of the control and infected groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test for each time point. Data are means ± S.E.M. * indicates p<0.05. ** indicates p<0.01. *** indicates p<0.001.</p

Neutrophil serine proteases in BAL fluids of pigs infected with <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> and purified blood neutrophils.

<p>Confocal microscopy showing DNA (blue) and elastase (NE; green). Arrows show NET filaments.</p

Cytokine concentrations in the BAL and serum of pigs after <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> infection.

<p>A. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in BAL fluid. B. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in serum. Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's <i>post hoc</i> test. Data are means ± S.E.M. * indicates p<0.05. *** indicates p<0.001.</p

Peptidase activity of neutrophil serine proteases from the BAL fluid of pigs infected with <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i>.

<p>A. Peptidase activities of NE, Pr3 and cat G (means ± SEM; n = 6). Increased protease activity were analysed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. *** indicates a significant increase in enzyme activity (p<0.001). B. Western blotting of neutrophil elastase showing free protease (25 kDa) and an irreversible complex with serpins (63 kDa).</p

Effect of <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> infection on the reactivity of porcine bronchial smooth muscle cells.

<p>A. Influence of <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> infection on the constriction of porcine bronchial rings induced by 1μM carbachol 6 h after infection. B. Concentration dependence of the dilatation of carbachol-contracted bronchial rings induced by salbutamol in control and 6 h after <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> infection. Control and infected groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Data are means ± S.E.M. * indicates p<0.05. A sigmoidal dose-response curve was used to generate the IC50.</p

IFITM3 is a <i>bona fide</i> virion-associated protein.

<p>Virion particles produced as described above were then analyzed by immuno-gold electron microscopy. Briefly, unfixed viral preparations purified by ultracentrifugation and produced in the presence or absence of IFITM3 were incubated with anti-Flag antibodies, followed by incubation with a gold-conjugated secondary antibody (arrows). Representative pictures are shown here. The graph displays the number of gold particles counted on a per virion basis.</p