Site of infection based on tuberculosis drug resistance pattern in San Francisco between 1991 and 2011.

a<p>Five of the pulmonary and seven of the extrapulmonary infections were from <i>M. bovis</i>.</p>b<p><i>p</i> values for multinomial logistical regression analysis are not recorded for categories with zero cases.</p

Interaction terms for DM and place of birth as predictors of TB and LTBI, adjusted for age.

<p>Interaction terms for DM and place of birth as predictors of TB and LTBI, adjusted for age.</p

Prevalence of DM in the different TB categories and in the different FB and US-born population, April 2005-March 2012.

<p>*Comparison between DM in individuals with LTBI and DM in individuals with TB.</p><p>Z-score: compares odds ratio between different populations by using Philippines as a reference.</p><p>Prevalence of DM in the different TB categories and in the different FB and US-born population, April 2005-March 2012.</p

Characteristics of tuberculosis patients based on their diabetes status.

<p>*Adjusted for: sex, age>45 years, HIV status, birth in the Philippines, AFB smear status, and cavitary/pulmonary TB.</p>†<p>HIV = Human immunodeficiency virus.</p>‡<p>Eight patients had East African Indian lineage, and 1 had West African-1; none of these had diabetes.</p><p>Characteristics of tuberculosis patients based on their diabetes status.</p

Characteristics of patients with drug susceptible, PZA resistant, and MDR mycobacterial infection in San Francisco between 1991 and 2011.

<p>Abbreviations: HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; AFB, acid-fast bacilli; Ref, referent group.</p>a<p>One of the susceptible cases was Native-American.</p>b<p>Housing status was not known for one of the patients.</p>c<p>X-ray data was not available for one of the susceptible controls and one of the PZA-MDR cases.</p>d<p>Three of the susceptible cases died upon diagnosis and one moved. One of the PZA monoresistant cases died before treatment. One of the MDR cases was lost to follow up. Treatment regimens were not available for 5 of the PZA monoresistant, 7 of the MDR, and 2 of the PZA-MDR cases. These cases were excluded from treatment outcomes analysis.</p>e<p><i>p</i> values for multinomial logistical regression analysis are not recorded for categories with zero cases.</p

Prevalence of DM in the different TB categories and in the different FB and US-born populations, April 2005-March 2012 stratified by age.

<p>*Comparison between DM in individuals with LTBI and DM in individuals with TB.</p><p>Z-score: compares odds ratio between different populations by using Philippines as a reference.</p><p>Prevalence of DM in the different TB categories and in the different FB and US-born populations, April 2005-March 2012 stratified by age.</p

Proposed evolutionary model for ACME acquisition within CC2 clusters and sub-clusters (CC2-I, CC2-II6, CC2-II5, CC2-II85, CC2-II89).

<p>Each dot represents a strain with specific characteristics with respect to ST and content of the different mobile genetic elements, namely, SCC<i>mec</i> (represented by types I-VI), SCC non-<i>mec</i> (represented by the allotype of <i>ccr</i>) and ACME types (represented by Roman numbers followed by Arabic numbers). The occurrence of genetic events involving a single MLST locus variation and/or SCC and ACME acquisition/deletion are indicated by arrows and the elements involved in the event are shown next to the arrow. Blue and white dots represent strains found within the collection studied, and black dots represent hypothetical <i>S. epidermidis</i> strains. ACME I.02 acquisition is represented in blue.</p

Mobilization of ACME in <i>S. epidermidis</i> 1457 by CcrAB.

<p>(A) Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after <i>Sma</i>I restriction of chromosomal DNA, for the parental strain <i>S. epidermidis</i> 1457 (lane 1) and its ACME excision mutant (lane 2). M = Lambda ladder, and (B) hybridization of <i>Sma</i>I restriction patterns of strain 1457 (lane 1) and its ACME excision mutant (lane 2) with a DNA probe for ACME (<i>arcCB</i>).</p