Fig 2 -

The data are Carbachol (CARB)-induced accommodative amplitude as a function of age in calorie restricted (CR) male (left panel) and CR female (right panel) rhesus monkeys. Accommodative amplitude declined with age in both the CR male and CR female monkeys. There was no difference between the gender groups.</p

S1 Data -

PurposeTo determine the effect of sex as a risk factor regarding presbyopia.MethodsMaximum accommodation was pharmacologically induced (40% cabachol corneal iontophoresis) in 97 rhesus monkeys (49 males and 48 females) ranging in age from 8 to 36 years old. Accommodation was measured by Hartinger coincidence refractometry.ResultsAccommodative amplitude measured refractometrically decreased with age, and the rate of change was not different between males and females (p = 0.827).ConclusionsPresbyopia is essentially sex neutral, and no one is spared. There may be modest variations between different populations for various reasons, but essentially it is monotonously predictable. At present there is no biological therapeutic.</div

Fig 3 -

The data are Carbachol (CARB)-induced accommodative amplitude as a function of age in control male (left panel) and control female (right panel) rhesus monkeys. Accommodative amplitude declined with age in both the control male and control female monkeys. There was no difference between the control gender groups. Control Monkeys = fed ad libitum.</p

Fig 1 -

The data are Carbachol (CARB)-induced accommodative amplitude as a function of age in male (left panel) and female (right panel) rhesus monkeys. Accommodative amplitude declined with age in both the male and female monkeys. There was no difference between the gender groups (p = 0.827). Because more young females vs young males were included in the study we conducted a test for the interaction and the p value for the interaction is p = 0.430. Thus, there was not a significant interaction.</p