Expression levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the mRNAs encoding insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) (A), IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) (B), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (C) and leptin receptor (LepR) (D) in maternally deprived (MD) or control (Co) male and female rats treated with leptin (Lept) or vehicle (Vh) from postnatal day (PND) 9 until PND13 (n = 5–6).

<p>Post hoc test: ***p<0.005.</p

Main statistical results corresponding to synaptic plasticity markers (protein levels).

<p>Main significant results extracted from the three-way ANOVA. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137283#sec002" target="_blank">material and methods</a> section for details.</p><p>Main statistical results corresponding to synaptic plasticity markers (protein levels).</p

Experimental design diagram.

<p>Experimental design diagram.</p

Novel object test (NOT).

<p>(A)Discrimination index (DI) and (B) time spent in exploration of the object during the 30 second training session of maternally deprived (MD) or control (Co) male and female rats treated with leptin (Lept) or vehicle (Vh) from postnatal day (PND) 9 until PND13 (n = 8–12).</p

Main statistical results corresponding to behavioral tests.

<p>Main significant results extracted from the three-way ANCOVA (litter was considered as a covariate factor). See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137283#sec002" target="_blank">material and methods</a> section for details.</p><p>Main statistical results corresponding to behavioral tests.</p

Protein levels in the hippocampus (left column) and frontal cortex (right column) of NeuN (A & B), synaptophysin (C & D), PSD95 (E & F), NCAM (G & H) and CB1 receptor (I & J) in maternally deprived (MD) or control (Co) male and female rats treated with leptin (Lept) or vehicle (Vh) from postnatal day (PND) 9 until PND13 (n = 5–6).

<p>Representative western blotting immunoassays of each protein from tissue homogenates of each brain area are presented above each histogram. Post hoc test: *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.005.</p

Main statistical results corresponding to glial markers (protein levels).

<p>Main significant results extracted from the three-way ANOVA. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137283#sec002" target="_blank">material and methods</a> section for details.</p><p>Main statistical results corresponding to glial markers (protein levels).</p

Main statistical results corresponding to mRNA levels.

<p>Main significant results extracted from the three-way ANOVA. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137283#sec002" target="_blank">material and methods</a> section for details.</p><p>Main statistical results corresponding to mRNA levels.</p

Hypothalamic mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY; A & B), Agouti related peptide (AgRP; C & D), proopiomelanocortin (POMC; E & F) and cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART; G & H) in male (left column) and female (right column) rats.

<p>CtCD: controls on a control diet; CtHF: controls on a high fat diet from weaning onward; MDCD: maternally deprived rats on a control diet; MDHF: maternally deprived rats on a HFD from weaning onward. *  =  ANOVA p<0.05, NS  =  not significant.</p

Kilocalorie intake from the time of weaning (day 22 of age) until day 101 of life in males (A) and females (B).

<p>Total kilocalorie intake throughout the study (C). CtCD: controls on a control diet; CtHF: controls on a high fat diet from weaning onward; MDCD: maternally deprived rats on a control diet; MDHF: maternally deprived rats on a HFD from weaning onward. Significant differences: a: CtCD vs MDCD; b: CtCD vs CtHF; c: CtHF vs MDHF; d: MDCD vs MDHF. ***  =  ANOVA p<0.0001.</p