Preliminary characterization of Psidium germplasm in different Brazilian ecogeographic regions

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar 119 acessos de goiabeira e 40 acessos de araçazeiro identificados em 35 ecorregiões brasileiras, de acordo com descritores da International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). A maioria dos acessos de araçazeiro apresentou grandes espaços entre as nervuras da folha, enquanto os de goiabeira apresentaram espaços pequenos. Os frutos de araçazeiro foram classificados como pequenos, enquanto os de goiabeira apresentaram tamanho de médio a grande. A maioria dos acessos de araçazeiro (91%) apresentou cor branca para a polpa do fruto, enquanto 58% dos de goiabeira apresentaram cor de rosa-claro a rosa-escuro. As diferenças nos frutos entre Psidium selvagens e domesticados indicam que os frutos foram os mais alterados pela seleção artificial.The objective of this work was to characterize 119 accessions of guava and 40 accessions of “araçá” sampled in 35 Brazilian ecoregions, according to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) descriptors. The majority of “araçá” accessions presented wide spacing of leaf veins, while guava accessions presented medium to close spacing. Most fruits of “araçá” accessions were classified as small, contrasting with medium to large fruits of guava accessions. Most of “araçá” accessions (91%) presented white flesh fruit color, while 58% of guava accessions presented pale pink, pink and dark pink colors. Fruitdifferences among wild and cultivated Psidium species indicate fruit as the most altered trait under artificial selection

Genetic analysis of species of the genus Passiflora L. based on phylogenetic and morphometric approaches and on microsatellite markers

Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar o relacionamento genético entre espécies do gênero Passilfora, utilizando análises filogenéticas, morfométricas e marcadores microssatélites. Na literatura, a variação no formato das folhas das passifloras é tida como uma estratégia de escape contra o ataque de borboletas da tribo Heliconiinae. As análises revelaram que a variação foliar é determinada basicamente pela inércia filogenética, porém fatores seletivos relacionados à estratégia de escape também agem nesta característica. Os microssatélites são, hoje, a classe mais informativa existente de marcadores moleculares. Assim, duas bibliotecas enriquecidas em seqüências contendo microssatélites, uma derivada de P. pohlii e outra de P. alata, foram construídas com o objetivo de desenhar primers que amplificassem essas regiões repetitivas. Os marcadores microssatélites apresentaram altas taxas de transferibilidade, revelando sua utilidade em estudos genéticos não apenas para as espécies utilizadas na construção da biblioteca, mas também para espécies da família Passifloraceae.This work aims at studying the genetic relationship among species of the Passiflora genus, using phylogenetic, morphometric and microsatellite marker analyses. In the literature, variation in leaf shape of the passifloras is taken as a strategy of escape against butterflies from the Heliconiinae tribe. Analysis showed that variation in leaf shape is determined basically by phylogenetic inertia; however, selective factors related to escape strategy are acting on this character too. Microsatellites are the most informative class of molecular markers existing nowadays. So, two libraries enriched with microsatellite sequences, one derived from P. pohlii and other from P. alata, were constructed with the aim of designing primers to amplify those repetitive regions. The microsatellite markers did show a high transferability ratio, revealing their utility in genetic studies, not only for the species used on the library construction, but also to species of the Passifloraceae family

Genetic analysis of species of the genus Passiflora L. based on phylogenetic and morphometric approaches and on microsatellite markers

Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar o relacionamento genético entre espécies do gênero Passilfora, utilizando análises filogenéticas, morfométricas e marcadores microssatélites. Na literatura, a variação no formato das folhas das passifloras é tida como uma estratégia de escape contra o ataque de borboletas da tribo Heliconiinae. As análises revelaram que a variação foliar é determinada basicamente pela inércia filogenética, porém fatores seletivos relacionados à estratégia de escape também agem nesta característica. Os microssatélites são, hoje, a classe mais informativa existente de marcadores moleculares. Assim, duas bibliotecas enriquecidas em seqüências contendo microssatélites, uma derivada de P. pohlii e outra de P. alata, foram construídas com o objetivo de desenhar primers que amplificassem essas regiões repetitivas. Os marcadores microssatélites apresentaram altas taxas de transferibilidade, revelando sua utilidade em estudos genéticos não apenas para as espécies utilizadas na construção da biblioteca, mas também para espécies da família Passifloraceae.This work aims at studying the genetic relationship among species of the Passiflora genus, using phylogenetic, morphometric and microsatellite marker analyses. In the literature, variation in leaf shape of the passifloras is taken as a strategy of escape against butterflies from the Heliconiinae tribe. Analysis showed that variation in leaf shape is determined basically by phylogenetic inertia; however, selective factors related to escape strategy are acting on this character too. Microsatellites are the most informative class of molecular markers existing nowadays. So, two libraries enriched with microsatellite sequences, one derived from P. pohlii and other from P. alata, were constructed with the aim of designing primers to amplify those repetitive regions. The microsatellite markers did show a high transferability ratio, revealing their utility in genetic studies, not only for the species used on the library construction, but also to species of the Passifloraceae family

Conservation of crop genetic resources in Brazil in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Abstract Cultivated species, on which humankind depends for survival, have been created by farmers that have crossed and selected wild plants and developed landraces. Early in 20th century, the theory of Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants was proposed by Vavilov. He also warned the world about the loss of plant genetic diversity due to the dominance of a small number of genetically similar crops, a fact that help starting a movement for the conservation of plant genetic resources. From this time, several strategies and institutions were established around the world to act in plant genetic resources (PGR) conservation. In Brazil, a remarkable player in PGR conservation, some institutions conserve several crop species as well as their wild relatives and other socio-economically valuable plant species. In this paper we present the status of PGR conservation in Brazil as well as initiatives and laws aiming at respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local knowledge, in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Cross-species amplification of microsatellite loci developed for Passiflora edulis Sims. in related Passiflora Species

The aim of this study was to evaluate the selected 41 SSR markers developed for yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Sims.) for their transferability to 11 different Passiflora species. Twenty-one SSR were successfully amplified in 10 wild species of passion fruit producing 101 bands. All the markers were amplifiable for at least one species. The mean transferability was 68,8%, ranging from 15,4% (primer PE11) to 100 % (PE13, PE18, PE37, PE41 and PE88). Transferability was higher for the species from the Passiflora subgenus than for those from the Decaloba and Dysosmia subgenus. The results indicated a high level of nucleotide sequence conservation of the primer regions in the species evaluated, and consequently, they could potentially be used for the establishment of molecular strategies for use in passion fruit breeding and genetics

Ex situ conservation of threatened plants in Brazil: a strategic plan to achieve Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Abstract With increasing rates of habitat destruction and species loss, ex situ conservation is gaining global momentum and reluctance in relying on ex situ conservation is rapidly giving way to a more optimistic, strategic view. Target 8 of the Global Strategy of Plant Conservation calls for at least 75 percent of threatened plant species in accessible ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and 20 percent of them included in recovery and restoration programs. Here, we provide updated information on Brazil's progress towards Target 8 through a nationwide examination of how many threatened species were conserved in ex situ collections in Brazil. Our data comprised whole plants (living collections), seed (seed banks) and tissue cultures (in vitro). Of the 2,113 threatened species, at least 452 (21.4%) species were conserved in ex situ collections, an increase in 4% of living organisms and 96% of seeds when compared to a previous assessment. Since it is unlikely Brazil will achieve Target 8 by 2020, we also discuss public policies and strategies to help overcome key bottlenecks preventing its achievement and propose revised goals for the GSPC 2020-2030

Performance of dairy steers subjected to different food strategies during the growing and finishing phases

Submitted by Franciele Moreira ([email protected]) on 2017-10-25T15:46:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Marcondes Dias de Freitas Neto - 2014.pdf: 338816 bytes, checksum: 1b3be172473de07dae66e9c0eedf33e2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2017-10-26T12:01:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Marcondes Dias de Freitas Neto - 2014.pdf: 338816 bytes, checksum: 1b3be172473de07dae66e9c0eedf33e2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-26T12:01:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Marcondes Dias de Freitas Neto - 2014.pdf: 338816 bytes, checksum: 1b3be172473de07dae66e9c0eedf33e2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08Objetivou se avaliar o desempenho de bovinos machos mestiços de origem leiteira, em confinamento, previamente mantidos com níveis de suplementação energética em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: TAA – “alto nível de ingestão de energia nas fases de recria e terminação”; TAM – “alto nível de ingestão de energia na fase de recria e médio na fase de terminação”; TMA – “médio nível de ingestão de energia na fase de recria e alto na fase de terminação” e TMM – “médio nível de ingestão de energia nas fases de recria e terminação”. Durante a fase de crescimento os animais receberam suplementação energética de 1,0% e 0,5% do peso corporal. Na fase de terminação os animais receberam dietas contendo 50% (nível médio de energia, NDT = 71%) ou 80% (nível alto de energia, NDT = 80%) de concentrado na matéria seca da dieta total. Os animais dos tratamentos TAA e TAM apresentaram peso corporal médio superiores no início do confinamento, devido a isso alcançaram pesos médios de abate com 42 e 21 dias a menos, respectivamente, quando comparados aos demais tratamentos. Nos tratamentos TAA e TAM, os animais também apresentaram maior consumo (P0,05) entre os tratamentos no final da terminação. O alto nível de suplementação energética durante a fase de recria possibilitou aos animais um maior peso de entrada no confinamento, e consequentemente, melhor desempenho destes.The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of dairy crossbreed steers, in feedlot, previously fed with different supplemented energetic systems and Brachiaria brizantha pasture. The treatments were: TAA – high level intake of energy during the growing and finishing phases; TAM – high intake of energy during the growing phase and medium intake of energy during of the finishing phase; TMA – medium intake of energy during growing phase and high intake of energy during finishing phase; TMM – medium intake of energy during the growing and finishing phases. During the growth phase the animals received supplementation of 1.0% and 0.5% body weight. In the finishing phase, the animals were fed diets containing 50% of concentrate (medium intake of energy, TDN = 71%) or 80% of concentrate (high intake of energy, TDN = 80%) in the dry matter of the total diet. The animals of the TAA and TAM treatments had higher average body weight at the beginning of feedlot due to that achieved average slaughter weights of 42 and 21 days less than the other treatments. The animals of the TAA and TAM treatments had higher dry matter intake (P 0.05) between treatments for these measures at the end of the feedlot. The high level of energy supplementation during the growing phase allowed animals to a greater initial weight of the feedlot, and consequently, the best performance