Empowering CO2Eco-Refrigeration With Colossal Breathing-Caloric-Like Effects in MOF-508b

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] Today,≈20% of the electric consumption is devoted to refrigeration; while,≈50% of the final energy is dedicated to heating applications. In this scenario,many cooling devices and heat-pumps are transitioning toward the use ofCO2as an eco-friendly refrigerant, favoring carbon circular economy.Nevertheless, CO2still has some limitations, such as large operatingpressures (70–150 bar) and a critical point at 31°C, which compromisesefficiency and increases technological complexity. Very recently, an innovativebreathing-caloric mechanism in the MIL-53(Al) compound is reported, whichimplies gas adsorption under CO2pressurization boosted by structuraltransitions and which overcomes the limitations of stand-alone CO2. Here,the breathing-caloric-like effects of MOF-508b are reported, surpassing by40% those of MIL-53(Al). Moreover, the first thermometry device operating atroom temperature and under the application of only 26 bar of CO2ispresented. Under those conditions, this material presents values of������T≈30 K, reaching heating temperatures of 56°C and cooling temperatures of−10°C, which are already useful for space heating, air-conditioning, foodrefrigeration, and freezing applications.The authors are thankful for financial support from the grant PID2021-122532OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe, the project PDC2021-121076-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and by the European Union Next GenerationEU/PRTR and the project ED431C 2022/39 funded by Xunta de Galicia. This publication is part of the grant RYC2021-033040-I, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and from the European Union «NextGenerationEU»/PRTR»and granted to J.M.B.-G. This researcher isal so grateful for the support received by UDC-Inditex InTalent Programme. J.G.-B. acknowledges Xunta de Galicia for Predoctoral Fellowships. The authors thank ESRF for the award of beam time (MA-5145 and A01-2-1291 on BM01). Funding for open access publication granted by Universidade da Coruña/CISUGXunta de Galicia; ED431C 2022/3

Empowering CO2 Eco-Refrigeration with Colossal Breathing-Caloric-Like Effects in MOF-508b

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Effectiveness and safety of integrase strand transfer inhibitors in Spain: a prospective real-world study

IntroductionSecond-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are preferred treatment options worldwide, and dolutegravir (DTG) is the treatment of choice in resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, in some resource-limited settings, these drugs are not always available. An analysis of the experience with the use of INSTIs in unselected adults living with HIV may be of help to make therapeutic decisions when second-generation INSTIs are not available. This study aimed to evaluate the real-life effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir (DTG), elvitegravir/cobicistat (EVG/c), and raltegravir (RAL) in a large Spanish cohort of HIV-1-infected patients.MethodsReal-world study of adults living with HIV who initiated integrase INSTIs DTG, EVG/c, and RAL-based regimens in three settings (ART-naïve patients, ART-switching, and ART-salvage patients). The primary endpoint was the median time to treatment discontinuation after INSTI-based regimen initiation. Proportion of patients experiencing virological failure (VF) (defined as two consecutive viral loads (VL) ≥200 copies/mL at 24 weeks or as a single determination of VL ≥1,000 copies/mL while receiving DTG, EVG/c or RAL, and at least 3 months after INSTI initiation) and time to VF were also evaluated.ResultsVirological effectiveness of EVG/c- and RAL-based regimens was similar to that of DTG when given as first-line and salvage therapy. Treatment switching for reasons other than virological failure was more frequent in subjects receiving EVG/c and, in particular, RAL. Naïve patients with CD4+ nadir <100 cells/μL were more likely to develop VF, particularly if they initiated RAL or EVG/c. In the ART switching population, initiation of RAL and EVG/c was associated with both VF and INSTI discontinuation. There were no differences in the time to VF and INSTI discontinuation between DTG, EVG/c and RAL. Immunological parameters improved in the three groups and for the three drugs assessed. Safety and tolerability were consistent with expected safety profiles.DiscussionWhereas second-generation INSTIs are preferred treatment options worldwide, and DTG is one of the treatment of choices in resource-limited settings, first-generation INSTIs may still provide high virological and immunological effectiveness when DTG is not available

Legal basis for a national space legislation

A. GENERAL BACKGROUND “The foremost goal of the international community in the area [of private space launch services] should be to induce states to implement effective licensing procedures applicable to commercial ventures for which state responsibility may 1 exist. ” 1. PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN THE SPACE INDUSTRY In the first decades of the space age, military and state security motivations indicated the direction of national space programs. Now the development of space activities depends essentially upon the possibility of recovering 2 investments. Private sector-driven commercial endeavors in outer space have been increasing exponentially and have experienced a significant quantitative growth over the last years. Spacefarers promote commercial participation of private companies in operations related to outer space, and, thus, the private sector is now increasingly providing satellite telecommunications, remote sensing, global positioning and space launch services directly to its customers. In this context, overall revenues for the worldwide space industry 3 amounted to US$ 82 billion in 2001. In the late 1990’s the transponder demand, in particular Ku- band transponders, was consistently on the rise due 4 to the escalated utilization of geostationary satellite transponders. Global positioning systems have been playing an increasingly important role in navigation, and remote sensing systems are mapping and documenting nearly 1 E. A. Frankle & E. J. Steptoe, “Legal Considerations Affecting Commercial Space Launches From International Territory”, (1999) 50 IISL at 10. Emphasis added. 2 H. L

Legal basis for a national space legislation

The purpose of this thesis is to propose the fundamental regulatory policy basis for a future domestic legislation governing private space activities in those States where their industry has or aspires to have a preponderant role in the pursuit of space activities and which have not yet crafted their national space regulatory framework. This study is based on the premises that the international legal framework governing space activities provides the fundamental basis for national space legislations and that the legislative experience of the countries which have adopted a domestic space legal scenario presents a useful model for delineating the principal basis of national legislation for those countries without specific national regulatory framework. The proposal is analyzed in light of Law Reform and participatory theory, conceived as a multifold dynamic process, requiring a national effort based on high level of State and private sector participation

Facilitating deep learning : pathways to success for university and college teachers /

Comprend des références bibliographiques et un index.Part 1. Deep learning -- part 2. Academic skills and deep learning -- part 3. Deep learning and diversity -- part 4. Deep learning and evaluation -- part 5. Deep learning and time

Teaching Criminal Law in a Visually and Technology Orientated Culture: A Visual Pedagogy Approach

Risk management issues pervade legal practice. Although there has been some improvement in how lawyers manage those issues, particularly in the last decade or so, the chief causes of clients’ complaints and claims remain: poor communication and inefficient or non-existent workplace systems. How well-equipped are entry level lawyers to avoid claims and complaints in their early years in practice? Do they understand the significance of appropriately and efficiently dealing with risk management issues? This article suggests that it is important for providers of preadmission training in law schools and elsewhere to assist students to develop that understanding by implementing a soundly designed risk management program in the curriculum

Space risk management

This thesis examines the way legal space risks are managed in commercial space transportation provided by major carriers, such as, NASA, the US private launch sector, and Arianespace, as well as in the system envisaged for Australia. Its purpose is to show that even if all systems tend to provide a favorable risk allocation scheme to the space launch industry, there are several alternatives for the telecommunications satellite operators. It also attempts to show that, even if all these risk sharing regimes have been modeled after NASA's, there are certain important differences, which stem from the different political objectives of each of the countries where these carriers are inserted