Pathogens screened in this study by conventional (c) and quantitative (q) PCR, with target genes, primers, probes nucleotide sequences and fragment length.

Pathogens screened in this study by conventional (c) and quantitative (q) PCR, with target genes, primers, probes nucleotide sequences and fragment length.</p

Gametocytes of hemogregarines in erythrocytes of snakes.

a) gamonts in erythrocytes of puff adder, b) gamonts in erythrocytes of horseshoe whip snake (Hemorrhois hippocrepis), c) gamonts in erythrocytes of Montpellier snake, d) gamonts in erythrocytes of Egyptian cobra. Scale bars 50μm.</p

Blood draw from the ventral coccygeal vein of (a) Egyptian cobra (<i>Naja haje</i>) and (b) puff adder (<i>Bitis arietans</i>).

Blood draw from the ventral coccygeal vein of (a) Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) and (b) puff adder (Bitis arietans).</p

Map of the Jemaa-El-Fna square, Marrakech, Morocco.

Blue circle represents Marrakech municipality; Yellow circle represents site where snakes used by charmers are displayed, and site where reptiles are sold by vendors is represented by a red circle. Map prepared using QGIS software—Buenos Aires version (link of the XYZ tile: https://tile.openstreetmap.org).</p

Snakes used by charmers in the Jemaa-El-Fna square.

a) puff adders, b) charmer handling a puff adder, c) charmer with a Montpellier snake (Malpolon monspessulanus), d) charmer with an Egyptian cobra.</p

Species of reptiles (scientific and common names) sampled along with numbers and type of owners.

Species of reptiles (scientific and common names) sampled along with numbers and type of owners.</p

Vector-Borne pathogens and oral-fecal pathogens detected in reptiles by blood smear or molecular identification.

Vector-Borne pathogens and oral-fecal pathogens detected in reptiles by blood smear or molecular identification.</p

Reptiles commercialized in the souks of Marrakech, a) adult Mediterranean chameleon (<i>Chamaeleo chamaeleo</i>), b) newborn Mediterranean chameleon, c) spur-thighed tortoises (<i>Testudo graeca</i>), d) Egyptian cobra (<i>Naja haje</i>) dried heads.

Reptiles commercialized in the souks of Marrakech, a) adult Mediterranean chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleo), b) newborn Mediterranean chameleon, c) spur-thighed tortoises (Testudo graeca), d) Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) dried heads.</p

Destinations visited by Austrian patients with serologically confirmed antibodies to <i>Leishmania</i> species.

Destinations visited by Austrian patients with serologically confirmed antibodies to Leishmania species.</p

Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees of (a) 16S rRNA sequences of Anaplasmataceae and of <i>gltA</i> (b) genes of <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. Bootstrap values (>40%) are shown near the nodes.

Rickettsia parkeri (a) Rickettsia belli, Rickettsia canadensis (b) were used as outgroups. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitution per site. Sequences of this study are in bold.</p