Makapansgat Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Data.xls

<p>Carbon and oxygen isotope data for bioapatites and carbonates from the Makapansgat Limeworks hominin site (~2.7 Ma) in South Africa. As expected, the bones were highly-altered post-depositionally, and were not used except to explore diagenesis at the site.</p

Morea Estate Data

<p>Isotopic and elemental data from teeth of mammals from Morea Estate, South Africa.</p

Trace Element Data from A Brief Update on Developments in Early Hominin Biogeochemistry

<p>Data from Sponheimer, M., Lee-Thorp, J.A. & Codron, D. (2013). A Brief Update on Developments in Early Hominin Biogeochemistry. In R. Armitage & J. Burton (Eds), Archaeological Chemistry VIII. American Chemical Society.</p

Map of δ¹⁸O values and elevation.

<p>Circle colour represents the δ¹⁸O value of the sample from that location. Base map is of elevation above sea level (m) from the WorldClim database [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref101" target="_blank">101</a>].</p

Map of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values and geology.

<p>Circle colour represents the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr value of the sample from that location. Base map is of bedrock geology provided by the French Geological Survey (BRGM) through SIGAfrique of bedrock age at a scale of 10 metres with the permission of OneGeology [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref038" target="_blank">38</a>].</p

Location of historic and modern provenanced East African elephant tissue samples.

<p>Caravan routes adapted from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref036" target="_blank">36</a>] and base maps of global vegetation/land surface cover from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref037" target="_blank">37</a>] European Space Agency 2010 & UCLouvain GlobCover Project and geological map provided by the French Geological Survey (BRGM) through SIGAfrique of bedrock age at a scale of 10 metres with the permission of OneGeology [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref038" target="_blank">38</a>].</p

Map of δ¹⁵N values and annual precipitation.

<p>Circle colour represents the δ¹⁵N value of the sample from that location. Base map is of annual precipitation (mm) from the WorldClim database [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref101" target="_blank">101</a>].</p

δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ¹⁸O and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values for modern, historic, and unprovenanced elephant samples from East Africa.

<p>(A1-3) Three plots of modern (post-1950) and historic elephant tissue samples collected from museum specimens, national parks in Tanzania (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.s001" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>), and including modern published data from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref039" target="_blank">39</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref041" target="_blank">41</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref042" target="_blank">42</a>]. Colours of all samples correspond to habitat following [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref041" target="_blank">41</a>] for East African elephant habitats: green is forest/mountain, black is savanna mosaic (incorporates woodland/bushland/grassland habitats) and red is arid (incorporates arid bushland and grassland habitats), with habitat descriptions following [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref097" target="_blank">97</a>]. (A1) δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of collagen, (A2) δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of carbonate, and (A3) δ¹³C and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values, from collagen and carbonate respectively. (B1-3) Three plots of all samples included in (A1-3) are lightly shaded and in blue open circles, the unprovenanced ivory samples from museum collections (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.s001" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>). (B1) δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of collagen, (B2) δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of carbonate, and (B3) δ¹³C and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values, from collagen and carbonate respectively.</p

δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ¹⁸O and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values for modern and historic provenanced elephant samples from East Africa.

<p>(A1-3) Three plots of modern (post-1950) elephant tissue samples collected from museum specimens and national parks in Tanzania (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.s001" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>). Colours of all samples correspond to habitat following [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref041" target="_blank">41</a>] for East African elephant habitats: green is forest/mountain, black is savanna mosaic (incorporates a wide range of woodland/bushland/grassland habitats) and red is arid (incorporates arid bushland and grassland habitats), with habitat descriptions following [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.ref097" target="_blank">97</a>]. (A1) δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of collagen, (A2) δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of carbonate, and (A3) δ¹³C and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values, from collagen and carbonate respectively. (B1-3) Three plots of historic (1896–1909) elephant tissue samples collected from museum specimens (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163606#pone.0163606.s001" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>). (B1) δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of collagen, (B2) δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of carbonate, and (B3) δ¹³C and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values, from collagen and carbonate respectively.</p

Blombos Cave MSA stratigraphy.

<p>MSA Phases M1, M2, and M3, and their associated OSL ages, of BBC (see also [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0157408#pone.0157408.ref039" target="_blank">39</a>]).</p