Volailles bio: Des pistes pour une alimentation 100% AB. Connaître ses matières premières: une des clés du succès

En production avicole biologique (ainsi que dans les autres filières animales), l’alimentation représente la part la plus importante du coût de production. Les aliments sont composés de céréales, de tourteaux et autres graines plus ou moins riches en protéines, d’huile ainsi que de minéraux et vitamines. Les céréales, bien que présentant une teneur en protéines assez faible, peuvent représenter jusqu’à 40 % de la MAT (Matière Azotée Totale) de l’aliment. Cependant, pour permettre de bonnes performances, elles doivent être complémentées par des matières premières plus concentrées en protéines et en acides aminés essentiels

PRODIVAL®: une solution nouvelle et innovante pour développer l’usage des graines protéagineuses dans les filières d’élevages afin de répondre aux défis sociétaux de notre Agriculture.

Ce numéro est constitué d’articles issus de la seconde édition des Rencontres Francophones sur les Légumineuses (RFL2) qui s’est tenu à Toulouse (France) les 17 et 18 octobre 2018.The PROLEVAL research program, financed by the Banque Publique d’Investissement as part of theInvestissements d’Avenir, aims to solve the problems concerning both agricultural sector looking forinnovative solutions; and consumers, in search of reinsurance and traceability. PRODIVAL®, the brandcarrying these innovates product, is based on a know-how combining two steps: (i) plant’s lever tooptimize the natural nutritional potential of seeds (faba bean, lupine, pea), (ii) technological’s lever torelease the nutritional potential. These combined levers improve digestibility for monogastric proteins (8-12%) and energy (25-32%) and increase for ruminants, the rumen protection of the protein (20-30points). The PRODIVAL® solution consists of new sources of locally sourced pulses’ protein, withimproved performance, for livestock, to enable French agriculture to move towards a sustainable andprofitable protein autonomy, thanks to technico-economic results in breeding on the one hand, and anincrease in range and value of the products of their exploitation on the other handLe programme de recherche PROLEVAL, financé par la Banque Publique d’Investissement dans lecadre des Investissements d’Avenir, vise à apporter des réponses pérennes aux défis soulevés tant parla filière agricole française, en recherche de solutions innovantes, que par les consommateurs, en quêtede réassurance et de traçabilité. PRODIVAL®, la marque portant ces innovations produits, repose surun savoir-faire combinant deux leviers d’actions : (i) végétal pour optimiser le potentiel nutritionnelintrinsèque des graines (féverole, lupin, pois), (ii) technologique pour en libérer le potentiel nutritionnel.Pour les animaux monogastriques ces leviers combinés améliorent la digestibilité de la protéine (8-12%)et de l’énergie (25-32%) et pour les ruminants augmente, la protection ruminale de la protéine (20-30pts). La solution PRODIVAL® consiste en de nouvelles sources de protéines végétales d’originelocale, aux performances améliorées, à destination des animaux d’élevage, pour permettre àl’agriculture française d’aller vers une autonomie protéique durable et rentable, grâce à des résultatstechnico-économiques performants en élevage d’une part, et à une montée en gamme et en valeur desproduits des exploitations agricoles d’autre part

Valorisation de matières premières locales pour l’alimentation des poulets en agriculture biologique

100 % organic feeding for monogastrics is a challenge for poultry value chain and feed industry. 100 % organic diets without including conventional protein concentrate is a challenge : this might increase the importation of organic proteins (soya) and involve risk on technical and economical performances. This article is a synthesis of different research projects lead in France and in Europe. Nutritional value of organic raw material is highly variable, especially oleaginous meal (whatever the process). Increasing knowledge about nutritional value of organic raw material is needed to support 100 % organic feeding. Even if different organic raw material could be used in diets, this material is not sufficiently available with regard to their quantity (French soya, organic maize gluten, sesame meal), their price (nuttle, hempseeds, spirulina, etc…) and/or there is regulation lock-in (fish meal, insect meal, etc…). In turn, 100 % organic feeding could increase the organic soya needs and importation. Experimental results showed supplementary explained by an increase of feeding costs and potentially an increase of feed conversion ratio. This negative impact could be counterbalanced with feeding strategies (less protein in finishing) combined with a high protein value of free range area. Increasing local raw material quality and availability and improving free range as nutrient source are promising options but would require additional experiment

Comparison between the three porcine RN genotypes for growth, carcass composition and meat quality traits

A three-step experimental design has been carried out to add evidence about the existence of the RN gene, with two segregating alleles RN- and rn+, having major effects on meat quality in pigs, to estimate its effects on production traits and to map the RN locus. In the present article, the experimental population and sampling procedures are described and discussed, and effects of the three RN genotypes on growth and carcass traits are presented. The RN genotype had no major effect on growth performance and killing out percentage. Variables pertaining to carcass tissue composition showed that the RN- allele is associated with leaner carcasses (about 1 s.d. effect without dominance for back fat thickness, 0.5 s.d. effect with dominance for weights of joints). Muscle glycolytic potential (GP) was considerably higher in RN- carriers, with a maximum of a 6.85 s.d. effect for the live longissimus muscle GP. Physico-chemical characteristics of meat were also influenced by the RN genotype in a dominant way, ultimate pH differing by about 2 s.d. between homozygous genotypes and meat colour by about 1 s.d. Technological quality was also affected, with a 1 s.d. decrease in technological yield for RN- carriers. The RN genotype had a more limited effect on eating quality. On the whole, the identity between the acid meat condition and the RN- allele effect is clearly demonstrated (higher muscle GP, lower ultimate pH, paler meat and lower protein content), and the unfavourable relationship between GP and carcass lean to fat ratio is confirmed

Advances in genotyping microsatellite markers through sequencing and consequences of scoring methods for Ceratonia siliqua (Leguminosae)

Premise of the Study: Simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers have been used in a broad range of studies mostly scoring alleles on the basis of amplicon size as a proxy for the number of repeat units of an SSR motif. However, additional sources of variation within the SSR or in the flanking regions have largely remained undetected. Methods: In this study, we implemented a next-generation sequencing–based genotyping approach in a newly characterized set of 18 nuclear SSR markers for the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of three different methods of scoring molecular variation present within microsatellite markers on the genetic diversity and structure results. Results: The analysis of the sequences of 77 multilocus genotypes from four populations revealed SSR variation and additional sources of polymorphism in 87% of the loci analyzed (42 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and five insertion/deletion polymorphisms), as well as divergent paralog copies in two loci. Ignoring sequence variation under standard amplicon size genotyping resulted in incorrect identification of 69% of the alleles, with important effects on the genetic diversity and structure estimates. Discussion: Next-generation sequencing allows the detection and scoring of SSRs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and insertion/deletion polymorphisms to increase the resolution of population genetic studies.This research is part of the DYNAMIC project funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR‐14‐CE02‐0016). J.V. benefited from a postdoctoral fellowship funded by DYNAMIC (ANR‐14‐CE02‐0016) and a Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Individual Fellowship (704464‐YAMNOMICS‐MSCA‐IF‐EF‐ST)

Mise en œuvre de la directive

National audienceLa directive suit les animaux depuis leur entrée à l’animalerie jusqu’à leur sortie. Ces structures sont des lieux de plus en plus fermés et isolés pour des raisons sanitaires : les chercheurs utilisateurs sont de moins en moins au contact direct des animaux, ce qui entraine une responsabilité accrue des animaliers. Les dossiers concernant les projets et les cellules de bien-être ont donc un rôle très important pour une bonne transmission des informations et un bon suivi des animaux, elles sont en charge de conseiller les chercheurs et les animaliers, notamment pour ce qui concerne les 3R, la gestion de la douleur et des points limites mais aussi en matière d’hébergement et de sortie des animaux, d’enrichissement, le tout sans compromettre l’objectif scientifique. Les cellules sont constituées d’au moins un vétérinaire, un responsable du suivi du bien-être des animaux, un responsable du suivi des compétences des animaliers, un scientifique. Elles sont en charge de faire l’interface entre les institutions, les porteurs de projets, le comité d’éthique, l’inspection

Nutritional value of organic raw material for poultry

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutritive interest of different organic and local raw material for organic broiler nutrition. Chemical analysis and balance study on 35 days old broilers (slow growth strain) were conducted to esti mate metablizable energy and protein digestibilty of 11 raw materials.There was a positive correlation between fat content and metabolizable energy. The results indicated that forages and larva of insects could contribute to protein feeding in organic broilers. Technolgy could represent an interesting wazy to increase nutritional value of local seeds (such as linseed, sunflower). There is need to complementary study like amino acid profile or incorporation in the diet during the life of animal