Expression of cathelicidin mRNA in biopsies from the stomach.

<p>(A) Biopsies from the antrum of 10 German and 27 African patients were analyzed by real-time PCR for cathelicidin mRNA expression. (B) Biopsies from the corpus and fundus of 15 German and 11 African patients were analyzed as described under (A). Levels are normalized to glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Data are expressed as ∼fold change in mRNA transcript levels relative to German subjects. Horizontal bars represent median cathelicidin expression.</p

Expression of cathelicidin mRNA in human duodenal biopsies.

<p>Duodenal biopsies from 9 German and 12 African patients were analyzed by real-time PCR for cathelicidin mRNA expression. Levels are normalized to glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Data are expressed as ∼fold change in mRNA transcript levels relative to German subjects. Horizontal bars represent median cathelicidin expression.</p

Clinical data of patients.

<p>Clinical data of patients.</p

Expression of cathelicidin mRNA, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and beta-defensin 2 (hbd2) in biopsies.

<p>From the gastric antrum (A) and corpus/fundus (B) of African and German patients. Data were correlated with helicobacter pylori (HP) infection status. Levels are normalized to glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Data are expressed as ∼fold change in mRNA transcript levels relative to German subjects. Horizontal bars represent median cathelicidin expression. Cathelicidin and hbd2 levels were significantly increased in HP positive compared with HP negative patients. The inflammatory status measured by IL-8 expression correlated well with the HP infection status.</p