Factor loading (λ) estimates for Beck Depression Inventory items for non-users and frequent-users of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis, under the factorial invariance model.

<p>Factor loading (λ) estimates for Beck Depression Inventory items for non-users and frequent-users of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis, under the factorial invariance model.</p

Types of Measurement Invariance.

<p>Types of measurement invariance, with parameters unable to be equated displayed in red and dashed. (A) Strict factorial invariance, with between group differences arising from different factor means and/or different factor variances. (B) Failure of metric invariance, with between group differences arising from different factor loadings. (C) Failure of configural invariance, with between group differences arising from different numbers of latent factors.</p

Likelihood ratio tests (χ² and p-value) for ordinal difference of means tests for Beck Depression Inventory items between non-users and frequent-users of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis.^*

<p>Likelihood ratio tests (χ² and p-value) for ordinal difference of means tests for Beck Depression Inventory items between non-users and frequent-users of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0152118#t002fn001" target="_blank">^*</a></p

Study design of the Puerto Rico Neo-Natal Twin Registry.

<p>Study design of the Puerto Rico Neo-Natal Twin Registry.</p

ACE model for calculating genetic and environmental influence from twin correlations.[<b>23</b>]

<p>ACE model for calculating genetic and environmental influence from twin correlations.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068473#pone.0068473-Neale1" target="_blank">[<b>23</b>]</a></p

Prevalence and resemblance between twins for asthma-related phenotypes at age 3 years.

<p>MZ =  monozygotic, DZ =  dizygotic.</p><p>*584 subjects with zygosity confirmed by DNA testing were used in this analysis.</p

Characteristics of participants at ages 1 and 3 years.

<p>Values are reported as number (%) or mean (SD).</p><p>*By DNA testing available for 584 subjects (292 twin pairs)); prevalence per parental report for 678 subjects at 1yo was the same (240 (35.4%)).</p><p>∧Defined as cigarette smoke exposure ≥2 times/week in first year of life.</p

Variance component analysis of asthma-related phenotypes at age 1 year.

<p>584 subjects with zygosity confirmed by DNA testing were used in these models.</p>#<p>A =  additive genetic variance, C =  shared environmental variance, E =  non-shared environmental variance <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068473#pone.0068473-Neale1" target="_blank">[23]</a>.</p><p>*P-value for likelihood ratio χ2 test comparing adjusted to univariate model.</p><p>∧Early-life environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) defined as intrauterine smoke exposure or cigarette exposure ≥2×/week during the first year of life.</p

Prevalence and resemblance between twins for asthma-related phenotypes at age 1 year.

<p>MZ =  monozygotic, DZ =  dizygotic.</p><p>*584 subjects with zygosity confirmed by DNA testing were used in this analysis.</p

Variance component analysis of asthma-related phenotypes at age 3 years.

<p>584 subjects with zygosity confirmed by DNA testing were used in these models.</p>#<p>A =  additive genetic variance, C =  shared environmental variance, E =  non-shared environmental variance.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068473#pone.0068473-Neale1" target="_blank">[23]</a>.</p><p>*P-value for likelihood ratio χ2 test comparing adjusted model to univariate model.</p><p>∧Early-life environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) defined as intrauterine smoke exposure or cigarette exposure ≥2×/week during the first year of life.</p