Diagrammatic presentation of the occurrence of lipase-, protease- and pseudohyphae-producer strains in the <i>C. parapsilosis sensu lato</i> complex.

<p>n: number of isolates, upper number in fraction: number of pseudohypha-producer strains, lower number in fraction: number of pseudohypha negative strains.</p

Interactions of different <i>C. parapsilosis sensu lato</i> isolates (see Table S1.) with primary human monocyte-derived macrophages.

<p>(A) Killing efficiency of <i>C. parapsilosis sensu lato</i> species based on CFU-determinations (Cp, <i>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto</i>; Co, <i>C</i><i>. orthopsilosis</i>; Cm, <i>C</i><i>. metapsilosis</i>), (B) killing efficiency of lipase producer vs. non-producer and pseudohypha positive vs. negative strains in the <i>C. parapsilosis sensu lato</i> group [lip+, lipase positive (regardless of pseudohypha production); lip-, lipase negative; psh+, pseudohyphae positive (regardless of lipase production); psh-, pseudohyphae negative], (C) killing efficiency of lipase or pseudohyphae positive vs. negative isolates of <i>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto</i>, (D) killing efficiency of lipase or pseudohyphae producer vs. non-producer strains of <i>C</i><i>. orthopsilosis</i>, (E) host-cell damaging capacity of <i>C. parapsilosis sensu lato</i> species based on the release of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), (F) host-cell damaging capacity of lipase or pseudohyphae producer vs. non-producer strains in the <i>C. parapsilosis sensu lato</i> group, (G) host-cell damaging capacity of lipase or pseudohyphae positive vs. negative isolates of <i>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto</i>, (H) host-cell damaging capacity of lipase or pseudohyphae producer vs. non-producer strains of <i>C</i><i>. orthopsilosis</i>. Cp, <i>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto</i>; Co, <i>C</i><i>. orthopsilosis</i>; Cm, <i>C</i><i>. metapsilosis</i>. Data points on graphs represent individual strains. Experiments were performed in triplicates. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (A, E), the Mann-Whitney test (B, D, F, G, H) or the Wilcoxon rank sum test (C). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.</p

Phagocytosis of one representative isolate each of <i>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto</i>, <i>C</i><i>. orthopsilosis</i> and <i>C</i><i>. metapsilosis</i> by J774.2 macrophages.

<p>(A) Light microscopic picures of J774.2 macrophages phagocytosing <i>C. parapsilosis sensu lato</i> species, (B) phagocytosis of <i>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto</i>, <i>C</i><i>. orthopsilosis</i> and <i>C</i><i>. metapsilosis</i> by J774.2 macrophages assessed by quantitative imaging, R2: phagocytosing macrophage population discriminated by the presence of red fluorescence due to ingestion of Alexa Fluor 647-labeled yeast cells, (C) numbers of ingested yeast cell/macrophage in the R2 population in case of <i>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto</i>, <i>C</i><i>. orthopsilosis</i> and <i>C</i><i>. metapsilosis</i> determined by the spot-counting feature of IDEAS software.</p