Exploring the Dynamics of Identity Based Conflict and the Possibility for its Sustainable Management: A Study of the Persistent Ethno-Religious Conflict in Wukari Area of Taraba State, Nigeria

This article explores the dynamics of identity-based conflict and the possibility for its management. The study in particular focuses on the persistent ethno-religious conflicts in the Wukari Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. The real issues precipitating the persistent ethno-religious conflicts and the costs of the conflicts were clearly brought to the fore. The study proposes a new paradigm for managing social conflicts at the community level through the \u27use of community solutions for community problems\u27 which will involve the constructive participation of all of the stakeholders in the community. This paper concludes by making a proposal for the establishment of a Truth and Reconciliation Committee (TRC) and a power sharing arrangement as strategies that could bring about lasting peace between the Jukun Christians/ Traditionalist Jukun and the Jukun Muslims/Hausa Muslims who are the warring parties in the persistent ethno-religious conflicts ravaging Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria

Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance by pharmacists in two states in southeastern Nigeria

Purpose: To evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of  pharmacovigilance (PV) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting among community and hospital pharmacists in Abia and Imo States of Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done using a validated questionnaire distributed among hospital and community pharmacists in the two States.Results: Out of the 227 copies of the questionnaire administered, 169 (74.4%) were usable. Only 22% of all the pharmacists had postgraduate qualification but 78.0% had more than five years postqualification experience. All respondents were aware of the concept of PV; 73.4% had seen a patient with ADR while 17.7% had not seen the ADR reporting form in use in Nigeria. Only 24.3% had officially reported an ADR. Factors that affected reporting were lack of incentive (52.1%), role conflict (69.2%), and role overload (72.8%). Mean score for KAP-related questions was higher among hospital pharmacists than their community counterparts.Conclusion: The study has shown that while all pharmacists were aware of PV, the attitude and practice of many of them constituted a challenge and accounted for poor level of reporting.Keywords: Adverse drug reactions, Community pharmacists, Hospital pharmacists, National Pharmacovigilance Centr

All-China Federation of Trades Unions beyond reform?: the slow march of direct elections

Since the mid-1990s trade union leaders in Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shandong and other coastal provinces have been quietly introducing direct elections for grassroots trade union cadres, in order to nurture a stratum of grassroots trade union cadres who prioritize workers’ interests. Yet these elections have not been generalized across the country, been institutionalized through legislation or drawn droves of international observers in the way that village elections did in the 1980s and 1990s. What might have promised to be China’s ‘‘second silent revolution’’ has failed to take off. This article explores the political, structural and institutional reasons behind the piecemeal and slow spread of direct basic union elections in China. In doing so it analyses the parameters constraining the reform of the All-China Federation of Trades Unions in the direction of a more effective, worker-oriented organization

The Paradox of Emotionality & Competence in Multicultural Competency Training: A Grounded Theory

The American Psychological Association mandates multicultural competency training as a requirement of accredited doctoral programs. The tripartite model of knowledge, skills, and awareness has been the most consistently cited framework in the last two decades. Although multiple pedagogical methods have been researched, there has yet to be a unified theory developed to link educational techniques to the tripartite domain competencies. Furthermore, there is a dearth of research exploring the various learning factors involved in multicultural competency training. Emotionality is an important factor in obtaining multicultural competency. No unified theory of multicultural education can be developed without incorporating the element of emotional triggering. This grounded theory study found that the emotional construct, termed Agent Shame, served as a barrier to multicultural competency. Further, a curriculum construct coined Oppression Mechanics, offers powerful implications for future multicultural competency training

Radial Heterogeneity and Surface Properties of Columns Used in High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The radial heterogeneity of some columns used in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was investigated using an on-column microelectrochemical amperometric detector. Such a detector allowed the recording of the elution profiles at different spatial positions throughout the column exit cross-section. From this, we obtain information about the radial distribution of the mobile phase velocity, column efficiency, and analyte concentration. In all cases, the results obtained show that the spatial distribution of the mobile phase velocity does not follow a piston-flow behavior but exhibits radial heterogeneity with differences not exceeding 5% between the center and wall regions of any column. The efficiency was found to be lower in the wall region of the column than in its core region (the central core with a radius of 1/3 the column inner radius) by up to 40-50% in some columns. The radial distribution of the maximum concentration of the peaks varies throughout the column exit section, partially due to the radial variations of the column efficiency. The technology used in constructing the microelectrochemical detectors was further exploited to fabricate and incorporate an online detector array for a pressurized flat wide column measuring 10x10x0.1 cm in dimensions. Thus, unlike traditional thin layer chromatography, samples in this pressurized flat bed are completely eluted and detected in a time-based mode just like they are in HPLC. Also, a lateral arrangement of the detector array allows for an easy monitoring of the homogeneity of the flat wide column. Also, information on the surface properties of three novel chemically bonded phase packing materials for HPLC was obtained using solid state cross-polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic experiments for the 29Si, and 13C nuclei. These packing materials were: Cogent bidentate C18 bonded to type-C silica, hybrid packing materials XTerra MS C18, and XBridge Prep. C18. The spectra obtained using cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) on the Cogent bidentate C18 bonded to type-C silica show the surface to be densely populated with hydride groups (Si-H), with a relative surface coverage exceeding 80%. The hybrid packing materials XTerra and XBridge gave spectra that reveal the silicon atoms to be bonded to alkyl moieties embedded in the molecular structure of these materials with over 90% of the alkyl silicon atoms found within the completely condensed silicon environments

Interviewing: The Family Business Dilemma

In this fictional case, Trent is a college graduate with a mechanical engineering degree. Trent recently interviewed and was hired by IOC (Industrial Oven Corp.). When Trent interviewed, IOC asked him about some of his past job experiences. As indicated on his resume, Trent used to work for a small company called INDUSTRIAL-PRO, which manufactures a different kind of ovens and furnaces. Intrigued, the HR Manager asked him to elaborate on his experience. Trent did, but he didn\u27t reveal that it was his family\u27s business, and he would have the option to take it over someday. When he started at IOC, he discovered he\u27d be required to sign a non-compete clause that included a prohibition on entering or starting a new business with similar products

Federal Habeas Relief, under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, Is Unwarranted Where a State Court Imposes a Sentence That Is Not Contrary to, or an Unreasonable Application of, Clearly Established Federal Law: \u3cem\u3eLockyer v. Andrade\u3c/em\u3e

The Supreme Court of the United States held that a California state court did not violate the Eighth Amendment\u27s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment when it sentenced a recidivist offender to two consecutive prison terms of twenty-five years to life because the California state court did not act in a manner which was contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, clearly established federal law. Lockyer v. Andrade, 123 S. Ct. 1166 (2003)

THE BIG PICTURE - SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN RANGELAND ASSESSMENT AND CROP INSURANCE

Livestock Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,