Domestic Relations—Tentative Requirement of Disclosure and Independent Counsel for Marital Agreements—In re Marriage of Hadley, 88 Wn. 2d 649, 569 P.2d 790 (1977)

Plaintiff husband and defendant wife executed three property status agreements during their marriage after discovering that the wife had multiple sclerosis. The couple\u27s personal and business counsel drafted the agreements to minimize the wife\u27s death and estate taxes. Before signing the agreements, the wife received advice from the family counsel and travelled to her husband\u27s properties. In addition, the wife engaged another attorney to examine the agreements, but he declined to give her advice because she failed to provide him with necessary information. The husband obtained a dissolution decree embodying the agreements. On appeal, the Washington Supreme Court held (5-3) that the agreements were valid. In re Marriage of Hadley, 88 Wn. 2d 649, 565 P.2d 790 (1977)

Removal of disinfection by-product precursors by coagulation and an innovative suspended ion exchange process

This investigation aimed to compare the disinfection by-product formation potentials (DBPFPs) of three UK surface waters (1 upland reservoir and 2 lowland rivers) with differing characteristics treated by (a) a full scale conventional process and (b) pilot scale processes using a novel suspended ion exchange (SIX) process and inline coagulation (ILCA) followed by ceramic membrane filtration (CMF). Liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection analysis highlighted clear differences between the organic fractions removed by coagulation and suspended ion exchange. Pretreatments which combined SIX and coagulation resulted in significant reductions in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV absorbance (UVA), trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation potential (THMFP, HAAFP), in comparison with the SIX or coagulation process alone. Further experiments showed that in addition to greater overall DOC removal, the processes also reduced the concentration of brominated DBPs and selectively removed organic compounds with high DBPFP. The SIX/ILCA/CMF process resulted in additional removals of DOC, UVA, THMFP, HAAFP and brominated DBPs of 50, 62, 62, 62% and 47% respectively compared with conventional treatment

Compositional modelling of partial discharge pulse spectral characteristics

Partial discharge (PD) monitoring is an established method for insulation health monitoring in high voltage plant. A number of different approaches to PD defect diagnosis have been developed to extract defect-specific information from PD pulse data in both the time and frequency domains. Frequency based PD pulse analysis has previously been demonstrated to offer a low-power approach to PD defect identification, where a mixture of passive and active analog electronics can be used to generate diagnostic features in a low-power device suited to wireless sensor network operation. This paper examines approaches to implementing diagnostic methods for frequency-based PD pulse diagnosis targeted at compositional frequency spectrum features in a computationally efficient manner. Dirichlet and Gaussian distributions are used to demonstrate the complex probabilistic form of fault class decision surfaces, which motivates the proposed application of the log ratio transform to frequency composition data. The results demonstrate that PD defects can be differentiated using these frequency-based methods and that employing the log ratio transform to the compositional frequency content data yields increases in classification accuracy without necessarily resorting to more complex classifiers

The World Health Organization's impacts on age-friendly policymaking: A case study on Australia

This paper reflects on whether and how the World Health Organization (WHO) inspires age-friendly policymaking across different levels of government. This is done via a case study in which we analyse the policies of Australia's three-tiered federated government system against the WHO's eight core age-friendly cities domains. Findings suggest that membership of the Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities did not appear to overtly inspire the development of age-friendly policies across Australian governments. Content analysis shows there is an overwhelming policy focus on care and support services, with little attention to cultural diversity. This reflects an outdated portrayal of debilitation in later life and a lack of recognition of how diverse circumstances impact the ageing process and corresponding support needs. Our findings also reveal the challenges of a three-tiered federated system, where varying financial and authoritative capacities have influenced how different governments acknowledge and respond to population ageing. Notably, local governments—the main level of implementation targeted by the WHO—are invariably constrained in developing their own age-friendly policies and may opt to adopt those of higher levels of government instead. These challenges will likely impact other resource-limited governments in responding to the needs of their emerging ageing populations

The Spatial association of a doctor and his patients in Hamilton city

Information which has been diffused through a population about an idea has been accepted, and the idea adopted, by some members of the population under some circumstances (Hagerstrand, 1967.) The spatial relationship between a doctor and his patients in Hamilton City were examined to see if information about this particular doctor, when diffused through the urban residential area, had been the basis for a significant number of his patients attending his surgery rather than the surgery of the doctor nearest to them

Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation from algal organic matter

Seasonal algal blooms in drinking water sources release intracellular and extracellular algal organic matter (AOM) in significant concentrations into the water. This organic matter provides precursors for disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed when the water is subsequently chlorinated at the final disinfection stage of the potable water treatment process. This paper presents results of AOM characterisation from five algal species (three cyanobacteria, one diatom and one green) alongside the measurement of the DBP formation potential from the AOM of six algal species (an additional diatom). The character was explored in terms of hydrophilicity, charge and protein and carbohydrate content. 18 DBPs were measured following chlorination of the AOM samples: the four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAAs), four haloacetonitriles (HANs) and one halonitromethane (HNM). The AOM was found to be mainly hydrophilic (52 and 81%) in nature. Yields of up to 92.4 μg mg−1 C carbonaceous DBPs were measured, with few consistent trends between DBP formation propensity and either the specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) or the chemical characteristics. The AOM from diatomaceous algae formed significant amounts of nitrogenous DBPs (up to 1.7 μg mg−1 C). The weak trends in DBPFP may be attributable to the hydrophilic nature of AOM, which also makes it more challenging to remove by conventional water treatment processes

Detection of Crab Giant Pulses Using the Mileura Widefield Array Low Frequency Demonstrator Field Prototype System

We report on the detection of giant pulses from the Crab Nebula pulsar at a frequency of 200 MHz using the field deployment system designed for the Mileura Widefield Array's Low Frequency Demonstrator (MWA-LFD). Our observations are among the first high-quality detections at such low frequencies. The measured pulse shapes are deconvolved for interstellar pulse broadening, yielding a pulse-broadening time of 670$\pm$100 $\mu$s, and the implied strength of scattering (scattering measure) is the lowest that is estimated towards the Crab nebula from observations made so far. The sensitivity of the system is largely dictated by the sky background, and our simple equipment is capable of detecting pulses that are brighter than $\sim$9 kJy in amplitude. The brightest giant pulse detected in our data has a peak amplitude of $\sim$50 kJy, and the implied brightness temperature is $10^{31.6}$ K. We discuss the giant pulse detection prospects with the full MWA-LFD system. With a sensitivity over two orders of magnitude larger than the prototype equipment, the full system will be capable of detecting such bright giant pulses out to a wide range of Galactic distances; from $\sim$8 to $\sim$30 kpc depending on the frequency. The MWA-LFD will thus be a highly promising instrument for the studies of giant pulses and other fast radio transients at low frequencies.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa