60 research outputs found
Representative Rivers: An Experimental Research Program in River Recreation Management
Earlier attempts at synthesizing research needs and priorities
were not fruitful. It became an exercise in which I subconsciously
tried to produce a document that was acceptable through peer review.
I styled my writing and format after other analyses that I
had read. It seemed the natural thing to do - to look just like the
others so mine would be accepted. At the same time, I tried to be
different. It became a matter of shifting chairs around the table,
but somehow the dinner still looked the same. I did not really realize
what I was doing until Drs. Workman and Becker, in separate
reviews, pointed out the problem. They simply said I was not
covering new ground or even looking critically at river-recreation
management. The second attempt was more progressive in
terms of reviewing previous research and management theory, and
proposing a new approach to river recreation management research;
but it was too disjointed to be effective in communicating
the problems of present research and means of overcoming those
problems.
At least one thing became clear - most of the research done in
recreation, particularly river recreation, was based on survey research
designs which required a lot of data-crunching and liberal
interpretation. As reproved by W. G. Workman, "Torture the data
until nature confesses." In fact, much of the belief in the process
of survey research appears to be related to the apparent ability to
overcome inadequacies of research design by simply increasing
sample size and then manipulating that data until some significant
relationship is noted .First I wish to say "thanks" to Dr. Ted Dyrness who had faith
in me and pushed for the original cooperative agreement with the
U. S. Forest Service, and who also offered two extensions of the
agreement so the final report might move in a different direction
than earlier versions. Dr. Roger Clark, who acted as the technical
advisor and reviewer for the agreement, helped immensely in the
molding of the direction of the project. Drs. Robert H. Becker and
William G. Workman diagnosed my problem in trying to prepare
an acceptable program. And Drs. Steve McCool, University of
Montana, and Mike Manfredo, Oregon State University, pointed to
the need for reorganization and a more comprehensive research
program.
Within my own bailiwick, Steve Cook's help in the development
of the original manuscript is recognized and appreciated.
And thanks to my wife, J o, who at least pretended to understand
when I brought home the manuscript, spread it out on the supper
table, and mumbled something about reviewers.
This project was funded jointly by the Pacific Northwest
Forest Experiment Station through the Institute of Northern
Forestry and W -13 3 Regional Hatch Project here at the Agriculture
Experiment Station, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Participation, Preferences, and Characteristics of Outlying-Cabin Users in Alaska National Forests
The development and management of public-use cabins have been planned, or at least considered, by several federal and state agencies in Alaska. This bulletin reports the results of a pilot study of the cabin program of the U.S. Forest Service. There are problems of aggregated data which did not allow for detailed analysis; however, the report does provide an overview of the Forest Service outlying cabin program-who uses it, how they use it, and how they feel about it.
The manager should be careful in applying the results without consideration of the total recreational spectrum, i.e., where the cabin program fits within this spectrum, and its cost in terms of other recreation opportunities that may be specified. It is the opinion of the authors that it would be unwise to simply mass reproduce the outlying cabin program in all areas having periods of inclement weather. The study sampled only cabin users-not all users or potential users of the particular landscape setting. To over-emphasize an expanded cabin program would reduce the continuum of opportunities. While subsequent studies of the cabin user population would likely find this group to prefer the new program, the users who did not prefer it or who were unwilling to adopt to new conditions would have been displaced. Thus, while the results have some direct applicability, it is also important to consider the maintenance of the continuum of recreational opportunities, only one portion of which is covered by outlying cabins
Toward the Integration of Economics and Outdoor Recreation Management
The general theme of this bulletin is that improved management of
public-sector recreational resources is a multidisciplinary task. To this
end, we attempt to integrate elements of outdoor recreation management
theory and economics. The bulletin is written for both resource managers
and researchers. For the former, our intent is to emphasize the importance
of being aware of economic implications-at least conceptually-of
management actions that influence the character and availability of recreational
opportunities. To researchers involved in developing recreation
management theory, we draw attention to the parallel between recreation
management theory and the traditional managerial economic model
of the firm. To economists, particularly those involved in developing
and applying nonmarket valuation techniques, we draw attention to the
types of decisions faced by resource managers.
We argue that the most important resource allocation issues are of
the incremental variety, so nonmarket valuation should also yield incremental
values. These values alone, however, are not sufficient
economic input into rational public choice analysis. The missing link ,
or nexus, between outdoor recreation management theory and economic
analysis is the integration of supply and demand, as called for by traditional
managerial economics. Collaborative research to develop recreation
supply response functions akin to agricultural production functions
is an essential step that is missing from both literatures. Theoretical and
applied work assume greater practical importance if they feed information
into this broadened framework. It is our hope that this bulletin will
bring the disciplines closer to that realization
Student-Athletes’ Perceptions of Men’s Basketball Head Coaches’ Competencies at 15 Selected NCC AA Division II Christian Colleges
The purpose of this study was to measure the perceptions of student-athletes concerning the coaching competency of 15 head men’s basketball coaches at the Division II level in the National Christian Collegiate Athletic Association (NCCAA). The study utilized the 24-item Coaching Competency Scale (CCS) to collect data on 138 student-athletes participating in men’s basketball from 15 NCCAA member institutions and examined four specific categories: character building competency (CBC), game strategy competency (GSC), motivation competency (MC), and technique competency (TC). Multivariate Analyses of Variance (MANOVA), Analyses of Variance (ANOVA), and Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA) were computed to examine group differences for the 24 coaching competency factors. Results indicate that player-related factors of starter, non-starter, captain, non-team captain, and academic level were not significant predictors of the combination of coaching competency
Intercollegiate Athletics and Institutional Fundraising: A Meta-Analysis
After nearly 30 years of research, the disparate findings of studies examining the influence of intercollegiate athletics on private, individual giving to higher education institutions have failed to generate generalizable knowledge. The current study examined all available empirical studies conducted between 1976 and 2008 on this topic. Meta-analysis results indicate that intercollegiate athletics does have a small, but statistically significant, effect on giving. Follow-up analysis revealed four significant moderators on the strength of the intercollegiate athletic-private giving relationship: the gift target (i.e., athletic vs. academic programs), the alumni status of the donor, the level of NCAA membership, and whether or not the institution competes in football. Implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed
Internal Marketing Perceptions in Intercollegiate Athletics and Their Influence on Organizational Commitment
While scholars have previously focused on the external impact of marketing efforts in college athletics (e.g., Gladden, Irwin, & Sutton, 2001), little research has been done on the internal marketing orientation of collegiate sport properties and its respective impact on college sport. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of internal marketing in college athletics and to examine if those perceptions have an effect on the level of organizational commitment among departmental employees. Survey methodology collected information from 248 athletic department administrators at NCAA FBS and FCS institutions. Results indicate that internal marketing orientation strongly influenced affective commitment to the organization. Further, internal marketing was found to fully mediate the relationship of job function and affective commitment. Finally, theorized moderators of job type, level of competition and gender were not statistically significant. The results support the assertion that an internal marketing orientation can be effectively implemented to foster the development of affective commitment to the organization
ResearchFanshawe Magazine Issue 5
https://first.fanshawec.ca/researchfanshawemag/1004/thumbnail.jp
Internal Marketing Perceptions in Intercollegiate Athletics and Their Influence on Organizational Commitment
While scholars have previously focused on the external impact of marketing efforts in college athletics (e.g., Gladden, Irwin, & Sutton, 2001), little research has been done on the internal marketing orientation of collegiate sport properties and its respective impact on college sport. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of internal marketing in college athletics and to examine if those perceptions have an effect on the level of organizational commitment among departmental employees. Survey methodology collected information from 248 athletic department administrators at NCAA FBS and FCS institutions. Results indicate that internal marketing orientation strongly influenced affective commitment to the organization. Further, internal marketing was found to fully mediate the relationship of job function and affective commitment. Finally, theorized moderators of job type, level of competition and gender were not statistically significant. The results support the assertion that an internal marketing orientation can be effectively implemented to foster the development of affective commitment to the organization
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