2 research outputs found
Multi-year Observations of Black Carbon and Brown Carbon in Bogota, Colombia: Identification of potential biomass burning emission areas through the relation of Tracers and Number of Fires.
Biomass burning pollution sources can produce regional and global impacts on air quality. South America is one of largest contributors to biomass burning emissions (BB) globally. After Amazonia, BB emissions from the grassland plains of Northern South America (NSA), where both wildfires and agricultural burns occur regularly, are the most significant. The BB season in NSA is characterized by a different seasonality compared to that of Amazonia, with numerous fires occurring between January and March. In this work, we report 3 years of continuous equivalent Black Carbon (eBC) and Brown Carbon (BrC) measurements from an Aethalometer AE33-7. This data is used to identify and quantify the contribution of biomass burning from NSA to Bogota, Colombia's. The measurement site is located upwind of Bogota, at a hill-top 500 meters above the plateau where the city is located. Additionally, PM2.5 off-line data using a low-vol sampler and 37 mm quartz filters, has been collected during two three-month long field campaigns. The first campaign was carried out from January to March 2018 (high BB emissions in NSA) and the second one between July and August 2018 (low BB emissions in NSA). The filter samples were analyzed in Colorado State University quantifying biomass burning tracers such as Levoglucosan and potassium ion. OC/EC data was also retrieved from the filter samples. MODIS Active Fire Data and HYSPLIT back鈥恡rajectories were used to support the identification of potential biomass burning plumes transported to the city during the fires season. We analyzed the relationship between BrC, OC, Potassium ion, and levoglucosan to identify signals of regional transport of BB aerosols. We found a maximum BB contribution of 10% to light-absorbing aerosols during the high number of fires season and a 1% BB contribution during the low number of fires season. Our results indicate potential biomass burning transport events from wildfires were observed during the months of January and April. Besides, we found a higher correlation between BB tracers and fires located in 400 km buffer. In addition, we identified potential source regions that could impact Bogotas air quality
Exposici贸n Personal a Part铆culas Finas, Black Carbon y Mon贸xido de Carbono en Diferentes Microambientes de Transporte en la Ciudad De Bogot谩, del a帽o 2016 Al 2019
Seg煤n La Organizaci贸n Mundial de la Salud, nueve de cada diez personas respiran un aire que excede las directrices establecidas por la OMS. En Colombia 15.681 muertes son atribuibles a la contaminaci贸n atmosf茅rica (INS,2018). M谩s a煤n, diversos estudios realizados en los 煤ltimos a帽os han demostrado que la exposici贸n a contaminantes para viajeros en entornos urbanos puede ser mucho m谩s alta que lo reportado por las estaciones de monitoreo y que los viajeros en veh铆culos se exponen a concentraciones a煤n m谩s elevadas comparado con viajeros de otros modos. Lo anterior, evidencia la necesidad de caracterizar la exposici贸n personal y estimar su contribuci贸n a la dosis diaria. En este trabajo reportamos una compilaci贸n de campa帽as de medici贸n realizadas desde el a帽o 2016 enfocadas en la determinaci贸n de la exposici贸n y la dosis de material particulado (PM2.5), black carb贸n equivalente (eBC), part铆culas ultrafinas (UFP), y mon贸xido de carbono (CO). Estas campa帽as fueron realizadas en el sistema BRT de Bogot谩 (Transmilenio, SITP, Alimentadores), Cable a茅reo, bicicletas y carros particulares. La concentraci贸n de PM2.5, eBC y CO fue establecida con equipos DustTrak modelo 8520 y 8530 (TSI Inc.), Aethalometers (AE51, MicroAeth) y un medidor de celda electroqu铆mica DeltaOhm, HD37AB1347 respectivamente. Las mayores concentraciones fueron observadas en el sistema Transmilenio, con un promedio de 160 碌g/m3 de PM2.5, 80 碌g/m3 de eBC y 4.2 ppm de CO. Al calcular las dosis de exposici贸n por minuto se evidencian valores entre 1 y 2.5 碌g/min de PM2.5 en el sistema BRT. Dosis m谩s bajas (entre 0.5 y 1 碌g/min) se encontraron en los medios de transporte alternativos. Al determinar la contribuci贸n que tiene esta exposici贸n en la dosis diaria se estim贸 que el viaje en el Transmilenio representa entre el 60 y el 75% para PM2.5 y entre el 80 y el 90% para eBC, siendo la m谩s alta comparada con otros modos. Esto deja claro que la implementaci贸n de medios de transporte alternativo y la renovaci贸n de la flota vehicular es necesaria en nuestra ciudad dado los beneficios colaterales para la salud que podr铆an ser muy significativos considerando los niveles de exposici贸n actuales