DataSheet1_Efficacy and safety of low-dose esketamine for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy in adults: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.pdf

Object: The benefits of low-dose esketamine for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy remain unclear. As such, the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose esketamine for this procedure.Methods: Seven common databases were searched for clinical studies investigating low-dose esketamine for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed to synthesize and analyze the data extracted from studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria.Results: Meta-analysis revealed that, compared with propofol, low-dose esketamine in combination with propofol significantly reduced recovery time by 0.56 min (mean difference [MD] −0.56%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.08 to −0.05, p = 0.03), induction time by 9.84 s (MD −9.84, 95% CI −12.93 to −6.75, p Conclusion: Low-dose esketamine was found to be safe and effective for providing anesthesia during gastrointestinal endoscopy, with 0.25 mg/kg identified as the optimal dose within the dosage ranges examined. However, caution should be exercised when administering this drug to patients with inadequate preoperative blood pressure control.</p

Additional file 2 of Host sex disparity and viral genotype dependence of the glycosylation level of small Hepatitis B surface protein in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic Hepatitis B

Supplementary Material

Additional file 1 of Host sex disparity and viral genotype dependence of the glycosylation level of small Hepatitis B surface protein in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic Hepatitis B

Supplementary Material

Two Secretory T2 RNases Act as Cytotoxic Factors Contributing to the Virulence of an Insect Fungal Pathogen

RNase T2 members are secreted by several pathogens or parasites during infection, playing various roles in pathogen–host interaction. However, functions of those members in biocontrol microbes targeting their hosts are still unknown. Here, we report that an insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, produces two secretory RNase T2 members that act as cytotoxic factors, which were examined by insect bioassays using the targeted gene(s) disruption and overexpression strains. Overexpression strains displayed dramatically increased virulence, which was concurrent with few fungal cells and hemocytes in hemocoel, suggesting a cytotoxicity of the overexpressed gene products. In vitro assays using yeast-expressed proteins verified the cytotoxicity of the two members against insect cells, to which the cytotoxic effect was dependent on their RNases enzyme activities and glycosylation modification. Moreover, the excessive humoral immune responses triggered by the two ribonucleases were examined. These results suggested prospects of these two T2 ribonucleases for improvement of biocontrol agents

Comparison of Various Anthropometric and Body Fat Indices in Identifying Cardiometabolic Disturbances in Chinese Men and Women

<div><p>Background</p><p>Although many adiposity indices may be used to predict obesity-related health risks, uncertainty remains over which of them performs best.</p><p>Objective</p><p>This study compared the predictive capability of direct and indirect adiposity measures in identifying people at higher risk of metabolic abnormalities.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This population-based cross-sectional study recruited 2780 women and 1160 men. Body weight and height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured and body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Body fat (and percentage of fat) over the whole body and the trunk were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Blood pressure, fasting lipid profiles, and glucose and urine acid levels were assessed.</p><p>Results</p><p>In women, the ROC and the multivariate logistic regression analyses both showed that WHtR consistently had the best performance in identifying hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes/IFG, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In men, the ROC analysis showed that WHtR was the best predictor of hypertension, WHtR and WC were equally good predictors of dyslipidemia and MetS, and WHtR was the second-best predictor of hyperuricemia and diabetes/IFG. The multivariate logistic regression also found WHtR to be superior in discriminating between MetS, diabetes/IFG, and dyslipidemia while BMI performed better in predicting hypertension and hyperuricemia in men. The BIA-derived indices were the second-worst predictors for all of the endpoints, and HC was the worst.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>WHtR was the best predictor of various metabolic abnormalities. BMI may be used as an alternative measure of obesity for identifying hypertension in both sexes.</p></div

Odds ratio (95% CI) of the presence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricemia, and metabolic syndrome for the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile of adiposity measures^*.

*<p>Adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, and physical activity.</p><p>BMI, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR, BF, %BF, TF, %TF, MetS: see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070893#pone-0070893-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p><p>a<0.05, b<0.01, c<0.001, d<0.0001.</p><p>The bold indicates the highest OR value among the adiposity indices.</p

Characteristics of the participants^*.

*<p>: Continuous variables were presented as “mean ± standard deviation (SD)” when they followed a normal distribution, or mean (interquartile range) when they asymmetrically distributed.</p>#<p>: Physical activity was evaluated by metabolic equivalent (MET) hours per day.</p

The area under the curves of each adiposity variable for the presence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricemia, and metabolic syndrome in both genders.

<p>BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; WHR: waist to hip ratio; WHtR: waist to height ratio; BF: body fat mass; %BF: percentage body fat; TF: trunk fat mass; %TF: percentage trunk fat; MetS: metabolic syndrome.</p><p>The bold indicates the highest value of AUC value among the adiposity indices.</p

Association of Simple Anthropometric Indices and Body Fat with Early Atherosclerosis and Lipid Profiles in Chinese Adults

<div><p>Objective</p><p>The discriminatory capability of different adiposity indices for atherosclerosis and lipid abnormalities remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify the best adiposity index for predicting early atherosclerosis and abnormal lipid profiles among anthropometric parameters and body fat measures in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.</p><p>Method</p><p>A total of 2,063 women and 814 men (57.6±5.2 y) were recruited for this community-based cross-sectional study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were assessed. Body fat mass and its percentage values for the whole body and trunk were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The intima-media thicknesses (IMTs) of the common carotid arteries (CCA), internal carotid arteries (ICA) and bifurcation (BIF) were determined via B-mode ultrasound. The fasting lipid profiles were assessed.</p><p>Results</p><p>With per SD increase of adiposity indices, the magnitude of the changes of IMT values and lipid profiles was more substantial for WC, WHR and WHtR in both genders. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that WC, WHR and WHtR were more sensitive in predicting the presence of intima-media thickening at the three segments as well as the lipids disturbances in women and men. In general, BIA-derived measures have no added predictive value for IMT-thickening as opposed to those three traditional abdominal measures.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our findings suggest that abdominal anthropometric measures including WC, WHR and WHtR are sensitive for discriminating carotid atherosclerosis and lipids abnormalities. WC is the best index because of its simplicity in routine use.</p></div