General characteristics of the subjects at the initial health examination.

<p>General characteristics of the subjects at the initial health examination.</p

Association between renal hyperfiltration (RHF) with incident proteinuria.

<p>Upper panel. A reverse J-shaped association between baseline eGFR and the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of incident proteinuria. The age-, sex-, body size-, and history of diabetes and hypertension medication-adjusted percentile rank of baseline eGFR was associated with the aHR of incident proteinuria after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, regular exercise, regular alcohol consumption, known history of diabetes and/or hypertension medication, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, serum triglycerides, and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. The relationship between the percentile rank of baseline eGFR and the aHR of incident proteinuria was evaluated with a general additive model. The shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval. Lower panel. Association between RHF (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0195784#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a> for details) and aHR of incident proteinuria. The age-, sex-, body size-, and history of diabetes and hypertension medication-adjusted RHF was associated with the aHR of incident proteinuria after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, regular exercise, regular alcohol consumption, known history of diabetes and/or hypertension medication, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, serum triglycerides, and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.</p

The association of renal hyperfiltration (RHF)^a with higher hazard ratios for incident proteinuria.

<p>The association of renal hyperfiltration (RHF)<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0195784#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> with higher hazard ratios for incident proteinuria.</p

Adsorption Behavior of Dyestuffs on Hollow Activated Carbon Fiber from Biomass

<div><p>This study focuses on the adsorption behavior of typical dyestuffs (methylene blue and reactive black 5) on hollow activated carbon fibers (ACFs) obtained from Kapok- and Hasuo-seed based biomass. It was found that the adsorption of dyestuffs on ACFs increased with increasing pH and temperature. In addition, the Hasuo-seed based ACFs showed higher adsorption capacities than the Kapok-seed based ACFs for dyestuffs. It was also determined from the adsorption energy distribution results that the ACFs are having energetically heterogeneous surfaces. The results clearly indicated that the prepared ACF in this study could efficiently remove dyes dissolved in water.</p></div

Discovery, Optimization, and Biological Evaluation of Sulfonamidoacetamides as an Inducer of Axon Regeneration

Axon regeneration after injury in the central nervous system is hampered in part because if an age-dependent decline in the intrinsic axon growth potential, and one of the strategies to stimulate axon growth in injured neurons involves pharmacological manipulation of implicated signaling pathways. Here we report phenotypic cell-based screen of chemical libraries and structure–activity-guided optimization that resulted in the identification of compound <b>7p</b> which promotes neurite outgrowth of cultured primary neurons derived from the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and retina. In an animal model of optic nerve injury, compound <b>7p</b> was shown to induce growth of GAP-43 positive axons, indicating that the in vitro neurite outgrowth activity of compound <b>7p</b> translates into stimulation of axon regeneration in vivo. Further optimization of compound <b>7p</b> and elucidation of the mechanisms by which it elicits axon regeneration in vivo will provide a rational basis for future efforts to enhance treatment strategies